Abstract: A read-out circuit of an image sensor includes a ramp signal generator, a bias voltage generator and a conversion circuit. The ramp signal generates a ramp signal that linearly varies at a constant slope. The bias voltage generator generates a bias voltage based on a power supply voltage having a first noise component. The conversion circuit generates a reference voltage based on the bias voltage and the ramp signal, and performs an analog-to-digital conversion on an analog signal from a pixel to generate a digital signal corresponding to the analog signal. The analog signal has second noise component. The bias voltage generator adjusts an alternating current component included in the bias voltage such that a magnitude of a third noise component added to the reference voltage is substantially the same as a magnitude of the second noise component.

Abstract: An image sensor is provided. The image sensor may include an active pixel electrically connected to a column line and configured to provide an output voltage to a pixel node and a bias circuit electrically connected between the pixel node and an earth terminal, and in which a first current flows through a first line electrically connected to the pixel node, wherein the bias circuit includes a first variable capacitor electrically connected to a power supply voltage, and a second variable capacitor electrically connected to the earth terminal, and the magnitude of the first current may be configured to vary based on a ratio of a capacitance of the first variable capacitor to a capacitance of the second variable capacitor. The output voltage may be configured to be adjusted based on the magnitude of the first current.

Abstract: A read-out circuit of an image sensor includes a ramp signal generator, a bias voltage generator and a conversion circuit. The ramp signal generates a ramp signal that linearly varies at a constant slope. The bias voltage generator generates a bias voltage based on a power supply voltage having a first noise component. The conversion circuit generates a reference voltage based on the bias voltage and the ramp signal, and performs an analog-to-digital conversion on an analog signal from a pixel to generate a digital signal corresponding to the analog signal. The analog signal has second noise component. The bias voltage generator adjusts an alternating current component included in the bias voltage such that a magnitude of a third noise component added to the reference voltage is substantially the same as a magnitude of the second noise component.

Abstract: Provided are a ramp signal calibration apparatus and method and image sensor including the apparatus. The apparatus includes: an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) including a trimmable transistor having a gain value that varies according to stored data, and configured to receive a ramp signal in a state where the gain value is a first gain value, and to output first and second output signals; a subtractor configured to calculate a difference between the first and second output signals; a digital comparator configured to compare the difference with a reference value and to determine whether a slope of the ramp signal has changed; and a counter configured to change the stored data based on whether the slope of the ramp signal has changed, wherein when the counter changes the data, the first gain value of the trimmable transistor is changed to a second gain value according to the changed data.

Abstract: An image sensor may include a comparator including a first input terminal configured to receive a reset signal, a second input terminal configured to receive an image signal, a third input terminal configured to receive a ramp signal configured to ramp in one direction, and an output terminal. The comparator may further include a switch circuit including a plurality of switches. The comparator may be configured to compare the reset signal with the ramp signal and output a first comparison signal through the output terminal according to a first arrangement of the switches in a reset phase and the comparator may be configured to compare the image signal with the ramp signal and output a second comparison signal through the output terminal according to a second arrangement of the switches in an image phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dyeing composition. More particularly, the present invention provides a dyeing composition comprising an ether-based nonionic surfactant, an ether-based oil and alcohol. Preferably, the ether-based nonionic surfactant, the ether-based oil and the alcohol have the same number of carbon atoms. The dyeing composition according to the present invention comprises the ether-based nonionic surfactant, the ether-based oil and the alcohol, forms a multi-lamellar liquid crystal structure, allows for ease of material application and maintains excellent color formation, and particularly, mitigates pungent smell, eye irritation and the like.

Abstract: An image sensor may include a comparator including a first input terminal configured to receive a reset signal, a second input terminal configured to receive an image signal, a third input terminal configured to receive a ramp signal configured to ramp in one direction, and an output terminal. The comparator may further include a switch circuit including a plurality of switches. The comparator may be configured to compare the reset signal with the ramp signal and output a first comparison signal through the output terminal according to a first arrangement of the switches in a reset phase and the comparator may be configured to compare the image signal with the ramp signal and output a second comparison signal through the output terminal according to a second arrangement of the switches in an image phase.

Abstract: Provided are a ramp signal calibration apparatus and method and image sensor including the apparatus. The apparatus includes: an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) including a trimmable transistor having a gain value that varies according to stored data , and configured to receive a ramp signal in a state where the gain value is a first gain value, and to output first and second output signals; a subtractor configured to calculate a difference between the first and second output signals; a digital comparator configured to compare the difference with a reference value and to determine whether a slope of the ramp signal has changed; and a counter configured to change the stored data based on whether the slope of the ramp signal has changed, wherein when the counter changes the data, the first gain value of the trimmable transistor is changed to a second gain value according to the changed data.

Abstract: A line driving circuit in which a signal characteristic is improved and a semiconductor device including the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes: a line controller arranged in a first portion of at least one line; a first driver arranged in the first portion and configured to output through the at least one line a first signal according to a control of the line controller; and a second driver arranged in a second portion of the at least one line and configured to output through the at least one line a second signal according to a level of the first signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hair dye composition, and more particularly, to a foam-type hair dye composition comprising: a first agent including a dye and an alkaline agent and a second agent including an oxidant; and a nonionic viscosity increasing agent of a PEG-aliphatic acid ester or a PPG-aliphatic acid ester in one or both of the first agent and the second agent, thereby largely improving dyeing properties without dripping after the composition is coated on hair.

Abstract: Image sensors and image processing systems including the image sensors are provided. The image sensors may include a signal transmission circuit including a swing width control circuit configured to control a swing width of a signal using feedback.

Abstract: A line driving circuit in which a signal characteristic is improved and a semiconductor device including the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes: an line controller arranged in a first portion of at least one line; a first driver arranged in the first portion and configured to output through the at least one line a first signal according to a control of the line controller; and a second driver arranged in a second portion of the at least one line and configured to output through the at least one line a second signal according to a level of the first signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hair dye composition, and more particularly, to a foam-type hair dye composition comprising: a first agent including a dye and an alkaline agent and a second agent including an oxidant; and a nonionic viscosity increasing agent of a PEG-aliphatic acid ester or a PPG-aliphatic acid ester in one or both of the first agent and the second agent, thereby largely improving dyeing properties without dripping after the composition is coated on hair.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dyeing composition. More particularly, the present invention provides a dyeing composition comprising an ether-based nonionic surfactant, an ether-based oil and alcohol. Preferably, the ether-based nonionic surfactant, the ether-based oil and the alcohol have the same number of carbon atoms. The dyeing composition according to the present invention comprises the ether-based nonionic surfactant, the ether-based oil and the alcohol, forms a multi-lamellar liquid crystal structure, allows for ease of material application and maintains excellent color formation, and particularly, mitigates pungent smell, eye irritation and the like.

Abstract: Provided is a filler metal alloy composition capable of improving appearance of a welded zone and fluidity, penetration, etc., of an inexpensive filler metal by minimizing a content of silver (Ag) and adding tin (Sn) and silicon (Si) components. The filler metal alloy composition, brazed to a joint between parent metals to stably join the parent metals formed of the same material or different materials, is characterized in that the composition comprises silver (Ag), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), silicon (Si), and other unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: Provided is a filler metal alloy composition capable of improving appearance of a welded zone and fluidity, penetration, etc., of an inexpensive filler metal by minimizing a content of silver (Ag) and adding tin (Sn) and silicon (Si) components. The filler metal alloy composition, brazed to a joint between parent metals to stably join the parent metals formed of the same material or different materials, is characterized in that the composition comprises silver (Ag), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), silicon (Si), and other unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A turn-fin tube, a turn-fin type heat exchanger using the same, and an apparatus and method for manufacturing the same are provided. The turn-fin tube includes a tube in which a fluid flows, and a fin wound on an outer surface of the tube in a helical shape. The fin includes a base section wound on an outer surface in contact with the tube, and an extension section extending from the base section in an outward direction of the tube at a predetermined angle.