Abstract: A cigarette includes a tobacco rod, a front end plug positioned at a front end of the tobacco rod, a filter rod positioned at a rear end of the tobacco rod, and a wrapper surrounding the tobacco rod, the front end plug, and the filter rod and including at least one perforation formed in an area of the wrapper to allow air to flow to the inside of the wrapper.

Abstract: Provided is an aerosol-generating article including a wrapper which is discolored as the aerosol-generating material is heated, the aerosol-generating article including: a tobacco rod; a front-end plug arranged on a side of the tobacco rod; a filter rod arranged on the other side of the tobacco rod; and the wrapper surrounding the tobacco rod, the front-end plug, and the filter rod, wherein the wrapper includes a thermochromic material which is heated and discolored by an aerosol-generating device when the aerosol-generating article is inserted into the aerosol-generating device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleic acid sequences that encode pro-apoptotic polypeptides. Also disclosed are polypeptides encoded by these nucleic acid sequences, and antibodies, which immunospecifically-bind to the polypeptide, as well as derivatives, variants, mutants, or fragments of the aforementioned polypeptide, polynucleotide, or antibody. The invention further discloses therapeutic, diagnostic and research methods for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of proliferative disorders and bacterial infections using the nucleic acids and proteins of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleic acid sequences that encode pro-apoptotic polypeptides. Also disclosed are polypeptides encoded by these nucleic acid sequences, and antibodies, which immunospecifically-bind to the polypeptide, as well as derivatives, variants, mutants, or fragments of the aforementioned polypeptide, polynucleotide, or antibody. The invention further discloses therapeutic, diagnostic and research methods for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of proliferative disorders and bacterial infections using the nucleic acids and proteins of the invention.

Abstract: In a method of inspecting an identification mark, an image of the identification mark on a semiconductor wafer is obtained. The identification mark may be identified using the identification mark image. A region where the identification mark is formed may be inspected using the identification mark image after the identification mark is identified.

Abstract: In a method of classifying directional defects on an object straight lines are drawn from any defect among all defects on the object toward adjacent defects. At least three defects that are positioned within an allowable angle from the straight lines are classified as directional defects. Thus, only the directional defects among all the defects on the semiconductor substrate may be accurately classified after performing a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, so that the CMP process may be effectively managed.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion protein between green fluorescent protein and Bfl-1 protein or a gene encoding the fusion protein, as well as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, is capable of efficiently inducing apoptosis and useful for treating cancer or cell hyperplasia.

Abstract: In a method of classifying defects, actual information with respect to actual defects by each of processes on an object on which the processes are sequentially carried out is obtained. The actual information is accumulated in sequence of the processes to obtain composite information by each of the processes with respect to entire defects that are generated in preceding processes. Added information with respect to defects, which are generated only in each of the processes, among the actual defects is obtained by each of the processes based on the actual information and the composite information. The added information contains information with respect to the defects generated only in each of the processes so that the detected defects may be accurately classified as defects generated in any one among the processes based on the added information.