Abstract: The present invention relates to a film quality improver, a method of forming a thin film using the film quality improver, and a semiconductor substrate fabricated using the method. According to the present invention, side reactions may be suppressed by using a film quality improver having a predetermined structure in a thin film deposition process, and process by-products in a thin film may be removed by appropriately controlling a thin film growth rate. As a result, even when the thin film is formed on a substrate having a complicated structure, step coverage and the thickness uniformity of the thin film may be greatly improved. In addition, corrosion or deterioration may be prevented, and the electrical properties of the thin film may be improved due to improvement in the crystallinity of the thin film.

Abstract: A substrate treating apparatus in which foreign substances are reduced by using a foreign substance collecting unit includes a magnetic structure. The substrate treating apparatus includes a roller configured to be disposed on a rail extending in a first direction and attached to a side surface of a carrier unit to move along the rail, and a foreign substance collecting unit installed on the side surface of the carrier unit, moving together with the roller, and configured to be spaced apart from the rail when the roller is disposed on the rail, wherein the foreign substance collecting unit includes a magnetic structure for adsorbing foreign magnetic substances using a magnetic force, and a case surrounding the magnetic structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for transmitting and receiving data channels in a communication system. An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may comprise receiving, from a base station, resource allocation information of a plurality of physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) used for repetitive transmission of a same transport block (TB); identifying a position of each of the plurality of PUSCHs in a time domain based on the resource allocation information; and repeatedly transmitting the same TB to the base station at the position of each of the plurality of PUSCHs. Therefore, performance of the communication system can be improved.

Abstract: A rubber composition having excellent abrasion resistance and improved viscoelasticity properties, and a tire manufactured using the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a rubber composition includes a first synthetic rubber and a second synthetic rubber, and has an interaction parameter (?blend) defined by Mathematical Formula 1 at room temperature is 2.0×10?3 or more. The first synthetic rubber is a solution-polymerized modified conjugated diene-based rubber which has a 1,2-vinyl bond content of 50 wt % or more and includes a functional group bonded to at least one terminal, and the second synthetic rubber is a conjugated diene-based rubber which has a 1,2-vinyl bond content of less than 50 wt %.

Abstract: Disclosed are a medium composition for culturing Clostridium botulinum comprising a potato peptone, a yeast extract and glucose, and a method of preparing a botulinum toxin using the same. The medium excludes animal-derived products and major allergens, and enables the botulinum toxin-producing strain to reach the maximum growth level within a short time, thereby providing effects of shortening the production time and reducing the production cost in the botulinum toxin production process.

Abstract: A display device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, an emission layer, an intervening layer, and a first encapsulation layer. The second electrode may overlap the first electrode. The emission layer may be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, may overlap the first electrode, and may include a light emitting material. The intervening layer may directly contact the second electrode, may be spaced from each of the first electrode and the emission layer, and may include a fluorine compound. A first section of the first encapsulation layer may overlap the emission layer. The intervening layer may be positioned between the second electrode and a second section of the first encapsulation layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method performed by a terminal of performing communication, the method including generating a private call setup request message including a call identifier information element (IE), a caller IE, a callee IE, and a call type IE set to an emergency private call, based on receiving a user indication to upgrade a call to emergency call, wherein the terminal is in an in-progress private call state; setting a proximity-based services (ProSe) per-packet priority corresponding to the emergency private call; transmitting, to another terminal, the private call setup request message; starting a timer relating to private call request retransmission based on the emergency call setup request message; and entering an in-progress emergency private call state from the in-progress private call state.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include a plurality of pixels in a display area and a pixel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, a plurality of first electrodes that extend in a first direction and are between the sub-pixels, a connection electrode between the plurality of first electrodes and configured to transmit a voltage, and a second electrode connected to the connection electrode and configured to apply the voltage to the plurality of sub-pixels.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a negative electrode active material having high discharge capacity, high charge output, and excellent discharge output characteristics; and a carbon material therefor. A carbon material for a negative electrode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon material having the total fibrosity index (TFI) of 0.58 to 0.78.

Abstract: Disclosed is a headrest having a speaker, the headrest including: a headrest frame having a rear surface to which a driving module is coupled so that the headrest frame is movable forwards, rearwards, or vertically in response to operation of the driving module, the headrest frame having a front surface formed with a speaker mounting space recessed rearwards; a speaker, inserted and fastened into the speaker mounting space in the headrest frame, provided with an output portion facing forwards and configured to output sound; a foam pad mounted on the front surface of the headrest frame so as to cover both the headrest frame and the speaker; a covering configured to cover a front surface of the foam pad and forming a front exterior of the headrest; and a headrest stay configured to connect the headrest frame to a seat.

Abstract: In an operation control method of an integrated control apparatus for an autonomous driving vehicle, when a steering operation is performed on both of a first joystick lever and a second joystick lever to return to neutral positions after the steering operation, a lever which is always pivoted in an adduction direction is set to a function activation state, or a lever set to the function activation state during the steering operation is continuously maintained in the function activation state until the return to the neutral position is completed after the steering operation. In the present way, a user can more easily recognize the joystick lever in the function activation state.

Abstract: Provided is a battery cell sealed container for preventing corrosion or damage in a process of moving battery cells. A battery cell sealed container of the present disclosure includes a first tray including a bottom surface and a side wall, wherein the bottom surface includes a plurality of lower end receiving portions in which lower ends of a plurality of battery cells are respectively accommodated and the side wall extends upward from the bottom surface, and a second tray configured to seal the first tray, the second tray including a top surface and a side wall, wherein the top surface includes a plurality of upper end receiving portions in which upper ends of the plurality of battery cells accommodated in the lower end receiving portions are accommodated and the side wall extends downward from the top surface.

Abstract: An integrated operation apparatus for an autonomous vehicle, includes a joystick lever used to accelerate, decelerate, and steer the vehicle, an acceleration and deceleration actuator module and a steering actuator module each include a position sensor module to generate signals related to the acceleration, deceleration, and steering of the vehicle when the joystick lever module is operated, and a torque sensor module is used to feedback control a steering motor during steering operation, realizing more precise steering sensation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a manycore system capable of asynchronous execution of a plurality of threads. The manycore system includes a device memory configured to store data associated with a job requested to be offloaded from a host device, and a plurality of clusters. Each cluster includes a plurality of cores configured to execute a plurality of threads associated with a plurality of tasks included in the job and a management module configured to control asynchronous execution of the plurality of threads by the plurality of cores. Each core includes a plurality of fetch units configured to fetch, from the program memory, instructions associated with threads executed on the cores, one or more execution units configured to execute operations associated with the threads executed on the cores, and a plurality of load and store units configured to load and store data associated with the threads executed on the cores.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery comprises lithium-nickel composite metal oxide particles, each of which has a secondary particle structure in which primary particles are aggregated. The lithium-nickel composite metal oxide particles include a first element including at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Zr, Mo and W, and a second element having an ionic radius of 80 pm or more. The second element is different from nickel and the first element. The second element is present on an outer surface of the secondary particle, at grain boundaries between the primary particles and at an inside of the primary particles.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition for an organic optoelectronic device including at least one kind of a first host compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 and at least one kind of a second host compound represented by the Chemical Formula 2, and an organic optoelectronic device and a display device including the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxide film reaction surface control agent, a method of forming an oxide film using the oxide film reaction surface control agent, a semiconductor substrate including the oxide film, and a semiconductor device including the semiconductor substrate. According to the present invention, by providing a compound having a predetermined structure as an oxide film reaction surface control agent, a deposition layer having a uniform thickness due to a difference in the adsorption distribution of the oxide film reaction surface control agent is formed as a shielding area on a substrate, thereby reducing thin film deposition rate and appropriately reducing thin film growth rate. Accordingly, even when a thin film is formed on a substrate having a complex structure, step coverage and the thickness uniformity of the thin film may be greatly improved, and impurities may be reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a headrest having a speaker, the headrest including: a headrest frame having a rear surface to which a driving module is coupled so that the headrest frame is movable forwards, rearwards, or vertically in response to operation of the driving module, the headrest frame having a front surface formed with a mounting space recessed rearwards; a speaker, inserted into the mounting space in the headrest frame, provided with an output portion facing forwards and outputting sound, the speaker having a rear side closed by the headrest frame; a foam pad, mounted on the front surface of the headrest frame so as to cover the headrest frame and the speaker, having formed therein a first through hole outputting sound forwards at a position corresponding to the output portion; and a covering configured to cover the front surface of the foam pad and forming the front exterior of the headrest.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of encoding a division block in video encoding and a method of decoding a division block in video decoding. An input picture is divided into encoding unit blocks. The encoding unit blocks are divided into sub-blocks. The sub-blocks are encoded by selectively using at least one of intra prediction encoding and inter prediction encoding. A decoding process is performed through a reverse process of the encoding method. When pixel values of an encoding unit block are encoded in video encoding, the flexibility in selecting an encoding mode is increased and the efficiency of encoding is increased.

Abstract: A method of controlling operation of an integrated control apparatus for autonomous vehicles includes setting one joystick lever touched first by a user between a first joystick lever and a second joystick lever to a function activation state, or setting any one joystick lever with a larger steering operation force to the function activation state at the time of steering the first joystick lever and the second joystick lever together. User fatigue when operating the joystick levers is reduced.