Abstract: Proposed is a federated learning system. The federated learning system may comprise: a central server configured to transmit a first parameter of an extractor in a federated learning model including the extractor and a classifier to each of a plurality of client devices, and receive a plurality of first parameters learned from the plurality of client devices to update the federated learning model; and the plurality of client devices configured to train each of the plurality of the first parameters of the federated learning model using a training data set stored in each of the plurality of client devices while maintaining a value of a second parameter value of the classifier in the federated learning model, and to transmit each of the plurality of the trained first parameters to the central server.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same, the solar cell including a first electrode formed on a substrate, a nanocrystal layer including a plurality of nanocrystals formed on the first electrode so as to contact the first electrode, a hole transport layer formed on the first electrode so as to cover the plurality of nanocrystals, a photoactive layer formed on the hole transport layer, and a second electrode formed on the photoactive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a portable device for measuring temperature with infrared array sensor. This portable device includes: an infrared array sensor module for taking temperature values in a unit of pixel and including a plurality of infrared sensors arranged in an array of pixels; a controller for calculating a resultant temperature value of a subject with reference to the temperature values taken each by the sensors; a display for expressing the resultant temperature value calculated by the controller; and a view finder with an indicator defining a target point to be measured for temperature and having a profile corresponding to the whole or a local shape of the subject. The view finder is formed of a transparent plate on which the subject's shape is reflected. The transparent plate is formed of: a notch representing the indicator; and a lens at least provided in the indicator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solar cell and a method for manufacturing the same, the solar cell including a first electrode formed on a substrate, a nanocrystal layer including a plurality of nanocrystals formed on the first electrode so as to contact the first electrode, a hole transport layer formed on the first electrode so as to cover the plurality of nanocrystals, a photoactive layer formed on the hole transport layer, and a second electrode formed on the photoactive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a portable device for measuring temperature with infrared array sensor. This portable device includes: an infrared array sensor module for taking temperature values in a unit of pixel and including a plurality of infrared sensors arranged in an array of pixels; a controller for calculating a resultant temperature value of a subject with reference to the temperature values taken each by the sensors; a display for expressing the resultant temperature value calculated by the controller; and a view finder with an indicator defining a target point to be measured for temperature and having a profile corresponding to the whole or a local shape of the subject. The view finder is formed of a transparent plate on which the subject's shape is reflected. The transparent plate is formed of: a notch representing the indicator; and a lens at least provided in the indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device and method for measuring temperature with infrared array sensor. This device includes: an infrared array sensor module to take thermal picture information of a subject, including a plurality of infrared sensors arranged in an array of pixels; an on-screen display module to generate an indicator having a profile corresponding to an entire or local shape of the subject and defining a target point to be measured for temperature; a display module to express the indicator and the thermal picture information; and a controller to enable the infrared array sensor module to measure the subject's temperature if the target point displayed by the thermal picture information overlaps with the indicator while the thermal picture information is expressed on the display module along with the indicator.

Abstract: An air vent for a vehicle includes a housing, a user-manipulable grill on a front of the housing, and a lamp mounted in the housing. A user can recognize the amount of opening of the vent based on the amount of light.