Abstract: A display apparatus includes a base substrate, a light emitting structure disposed on the base substrate, and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting structure and including at least one inorganic layer and at least one organic layer. The at least one inorganic layer includes a high density layer having a density of greater than or equal to about 2.0 g/cm3 and a low density layer having a density of less than about 2.0 g/cm3. The high density layer and the low density layer are in contact with each other.

Abstract: Proposed is a method of monitoring odor-causing substances in flue gas, which comprises: providing a flue gas containing one or more odor-causing substances; introducing the flue gas into an odor removal unit; producing a gas-phase stream; dissolving a portion of the gas-phase stream in a solvent to produce a liquid-phase stream; and measuring an absorbance of the liquid-phase stream to identify the odor-causing substances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing carbon dioxide and air pollutants, and more particularly to a method of simultaneously reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants, in which an off-gas containing carbon dioxide, SOx, and NOx is passed through a sulfur-oxidizing microorganism reactor, thereby converting carbon dioxide present in the off-gas into biomass, SOx into sulfate ions, and NOx into amino-N.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing carbon dioxide and air pollutants, and more particularly to a method of simultaneously reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants, in which an off-gas containing carbon dioxide, SOx, and NOx is passed through a sulfur-oxidizing microorganism reactor, thereby converting carbon dioxide present in the off-gas into biomass, SOx into sulfate ions, and NOx into amino-N.

Abstract: Provided are a layer-separation method of a spent caustic solution, and a recycling method of an additive, and more particularly, a layer-separation method of a spent caustic solution including: injecting an additive and an acidic compound to the spent caustic solution occurring from a refinery process to break down a red oil emulsion and to perform layer-separation into an upper layer fraction and a lower layer fraction, wherein the additive is an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound having a water solubility of 0.1 to 10 g/L at 20° C.

Abstract: Disclosed are a carbonic anhydrase mutant having heat resistance at a high temperature of 80° C. as well as excellent activity to capture carbon dioxide and a composition for capturing carbon dioxide containing the same. The heat-resistant carbonic anhydrase mutant can be applied to a high-temperature carbon dioxide capture process due to high stability at high temperatures and a high carbon dioxide hydration rate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a carbonic anhydrase mutant having heat resistance at a high temperature of 80° C. as well as excellent activity to capture carbon dioxide and a composition for capturing carbon dioxide containing the same. The heat-resistant carbonic anhydrase mutant can be applied to a high-temperature carbon dioxide capture process due to high stability at high temperatures and a high carbon dioxide hydration rate.

Abstract: Provided are a layer-separation method of a spent caustic solution, and a recycling method of an additive, and more particularly, a layer-separation method of a spent caustic solution including: injecting an additive and an acidic compound to the spent caustic solution occurring from a refinery process to break down a red oil emulsion and to perform layer-separation into an upper layer fraction and a lower layer fraction, wherein the additive is an aliphatic hydrocarbon compound having a water solubility of 0.1 to 10 g/L at 20° C.

Abstract: A PNA zip-code chip in which PNA zip-code probes are immobilized on a substrate at high density using an epoxy compound as a linker, and method for fabricating such PNA chip. The use of PNA provides the chip with superior properties to DNA chips, allowing precise diagnosis of congenital diseases or base mutations with much higher sensitivity than is achievable with a DNA chip. The use of the PNA zip-code chip enables diagnosis of gene mutations in a simple manner, using only hybridization reaction, without the difficulties associated with processes in which probes must be immobilized directly on a substrate every time the target gene changes.