Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating transplantation rejection or a transplantation rejection disease, comprising a novel compound and a calcineurin inhibitor. A co-administration of the present invention 1) reduces the activity of pathogenic Th1 cells or Th17 cells, 2) increases the activity of Treg cells, 3) has an inhibitory effect against side effects, such as tissue damage, occurring in the sole administration thereof, 4) inhibits various pathogenic pathways, 5) inhibits the cell death of inflammatory cells, and 6) increases the activity of mitochondria, in an in vivo or in vitro allogenic model, a transplantation rejection disease model, a skin transplantation model, and a liver-transplanted patient, and thus inhibits transplantation rejection along with mitigating side effects possibly occurring in the administration of a conventional immunosuppressant alone.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for cleaning an oxide film using a direct current reverse polarity are provided. The apparatus for cleaning an oxide film formed on a workpiece may include a power supply configured to apply direct current power and to include a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, the workpiece configured to be electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal to act as a negative electrode to which a current is applied, and a torch having a positive electrode, which is spaced apart from the oxide film by a predetermined distance and is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal, the torch being installed to be movable relative to the workpiece. The oxide film formed on the workpiece may be removed by applying a reverse polarity direct current between the workpiece, serving as the negative electrode, and the positive electrode to generate an arc.