Abstract: Provided are a head life evaluation apparatus and method capable of evaluating lifespans of nozzles by using a plurality of chambers having different environments, the head life evaluation apparatus including a head block including at least one first nozzle for ejecting a treatment liquid in an inkjet manner, and a chamber block detachably coupled to the head block and including at least one first chamber corresponding to the first nozzle to evaluate a lifespan of the first nozzle in a first environment.

Abstract: A maintenance assembly for an inkjet head may include a housing having an upper face facing a nozzle face on which nozzles for discharging a chemical liquid on a substrate are arranged, and an atmosphere generating part for providing an atmosphere including humidity around the nozzles and the nozzle face such that a humidity of the nozzles and a humidity of the nozzle face are adjusted to a set humidity if the humidity of the nozzles and the humidity of the nozzle face are different from the set humidity.

Abstract: An inkjet head management apparatus for managing a humidity of an inkjet head including nozzles for ejecting droplets in an inkjet manner includes a housing having an opening on at least one surface thereof, a closer for opening or closing the opening of the housing, and a dehumidifier disposed in the housing to provide a dehumidifying atmosphere toward the opening when the opening is opened.

Abstract: A maintenance assembly for an inkjet head may include a housing having an upper face facing a nozzle face on which nozzles for discharging a chemical liquid on a substrate are arranged, and a fluid supplying part for providing a humidity control fluid onto the nozzles and the nozzle face such that a humidity of the nozzles and a humidity of the nozzle face are adjusted to a set humidity if the humidity of the nozzles and the humidity of the nozzle face are different from the set humidity.

Abstract: A maintenance assembly for an inkjet head may include a housing having an upper face facing a nozzle face on which nozzles for discharging a chemical liquid on a substrate are arranged, and an atmosphere generating part for providing an atmosphere including humidity around the nozzles and the nozzle face such that a humidity of the nozzles and a humidity of the nozzle face are adjusted to a set humidity if the humidity of the nozzles and the humidity of the nozzle face are different from the set humidity.

Abstract: An inkjet head management apparatus for managing a humidity of an inkjet head including nozzles for ejecting droplets in an inkjet manner includes a housing having an opening on at least one surface thereof, a closer for opening or closing the opening of the housing, and a dehumidifier disposed in the housing to provide a dehumidifying atmosphere toward the opening when the opening is opened.

Abstract: Provided are a head life evaluation apparatus and method capable of evaluating lifespans of nozzles by using a plurality of chambers having different environments, the head life evaluation apparatus including a head block including at least one first nozzle for ejecting a treatment liquid in an inkjet manner, and a chamber block detachably coupled to the head block and including at least one first chamber corresponding to the first nozzle to evaluate a lifespan of the first nozzle in a first environment.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to support visible and audible communications using various multimedia services are provided. A method to provide communications using a multimedia service in a server of a communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a voice call connection request for a second device from a first device. The method also includes providing the first device with visual multimedia information generated in advance, over a web network in relation to the second device. The method further includes connecting a voice call between the first device and the second device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for operating a server apparatus for providing a composite Automatic Response System (ARS) service through a mobile communication network. An ARS scenario and composite ARS related information are received from a first terminal. The composite ARS related information includes video ARS related information and voice ARS related information based on the ARS scenario. The ARS scenario and the composite ARS related information are stored. A call establishment request message directed to the first terminal, is received from the second terminal. The composite ARS related information is provided to the second terminal in response to the received call establishment request message. A call is established between the first terminal and the second terminal in response to an input for a call connection request, directed to the first terminal, received while the composite ARS related information is provided to the second terminal.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method to support visible and audible communications using various multimedia services are provided. A method to provide communications using a multimedia service in a server of a communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a voice call connection request for a second device from a first device. The method also includes providing the first device with visual multimedia information generated in advance, over a web network in relation to the second device. The method further includes connecting a voice call between the first device and the second device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for operating a server apparatus for providing a composite Automatic Response System (ARS) service through a mobile communication network. An ARS scenario and composite ARS related information are received from a first terminal. The composite ARS related information includes video ARS related information and voice ARS related information based on the ARS scenario. The ARS scenario and the composite ARS related information are stored. A call establishment request message directed to the first terminal, is received from the second terminal. The composite ARS related information is provided to the second terminal in response to the received call establishment request message. A call is established between the first terminal and the second terminal in response to an input for a call connection request, directed to the first terminal, received while the composite ARS related information is provided to the second terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a street lamp control system, which cuts off power sources only around an abnormal street lamp where an electric leakage or dangerous situation occurs and allows the rest street lamps to be kept being turned on. The street lamp control system is positioned in a region divided by a plurality of areas where a predetermined number of street lamps are installed. A distribution panel is installed in each center of the areas, and includes two power source control switching circuits for controlling right and left power sources of the corresponding areas. The power source control switching circuit of the corresponding distribution panel turns off the right and left street lamps including the corresponding street lamp when an abnormal state is sensed on a specific street lamp of a specific area, and a power is supplied to the right and left street lamps to be turned on excluding the abnormal street lamp.

Abstract: Disclosed is a street lamp control system, which cuts off power sources only around an abnormal street lamp where an electric leakage or dangerous situation occurs and allows the rest street lamps to be kept being turned on. The street lamp control system is positioned in a region divided by a plurality of areas where a predetermined number of street lamps are installed. A distribution panel is installed in each center of the areas, and includes two power source control switching circuits for controlling right and left power sources of the corresponding areas. The power source control switching circuit of the corresponding distribution panel turns off the right and left street lamps including the corresponding street lamp when an abnormal state is sensed on a specific street lamp of a specific area, and a power is supplied to the right and left street lamps to be turned on excluding the abnormal street lamp.

Abstract: A method for performing a hard hand-off between service areas in a cellular mobile communication system is provided. The method for performing a hard hand-off according to the invention includes the steps of setting an area of services covered with a frequency assignment (FA) unavailable to adjacent stations to be a boundary cell, entering into the set boundary cell by a mobile communication terminal during communication, and searching FAs of adjacent stations excluding the base station currently engaged in communication with said mobile communication terminal so as to determine a target FA, with which the mobile communication terminal is to perform a hard hand-off. The method for performing a hard hand-off according to the invention can prevent deterioration of call qualities caused by unnecessary hard hand-offs, and reduce the load on a system.

Abstract: An versatile vacuum cleaner is disclosed which comprises a main body, a socket, a first cleaner, a second cleaner, a motor assembly, a cord reel, a handle, and an exhaust duct, and can be converted easily into different configurations each suitable for a specifically different type of vacuum cleaning operation. Improvements are made in details such as the arrangement or the configuration of the main body, the socket, the first cleaner, the second cleaner, the cord reel, the handle, and exhaust duct, thereby improving the operability of the vacuum cleaner and improving the performance thereof.

Abstract: An improved versatile vacuum cleaner is disclosed which comprises a main body, a socket, a first cleaner, a second cleaner, a motor assembly, a cord reel, a handle, and an exhaust duct, and can be converted easily into different configurations each suitable for a specifically different type of vacuum cleaning operation. Improvements are made in details such as the arrangement or the configuration of the main body, the socket, the first cleaner, the second cleaner, the cord reel, the handle, and exhaust duct, thereby improving the operability of the vacuum cleaner and inproving the performance thereof.

Abstract: A method for performing a hard hand-off between service areas in a cellular mobile communication system is provided. The method for performing a hard hand-off according to the invention includes the steps of setting an area of services covered with a frequency assignment (FA) unavailable to adjacent stations to be a boundary cell, entering into the set boundary cell by a mobile communication terminal during communication, and searching FAs of adjacent stations excluding the base station currently engaged in communication with said mobile communication terminal so as to determine a target FA, with which the mobile communication terminal is to perform a hard hand-off. The method for performing a hard hand-off according to the invention can prevent deterioration of call qualities caused by unnecessary hard hand-offs, and reduce the load on a system.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner having a noise reduction system which can effectively reduce noise is disclosed. The noise reduction system has a casing, a motor cap disposed in the casing such that it can surround a motor, a first sound-absorbing material provided in the inner wall of motor cap, and a second sound-absorbing material provided in the inner wall of the casing. The noise reduction system lengthens the fluid path in the vacuum cleaner so that air can fully contact the first and second sound-absorbing materials, thereby reducing the noise caused by friction between the sucking air and elements of the vacuum cleaner.