Abstract: Integrated circuit devices and methods of forming the same are provided. The methods may include forming a sacrificial layer in a preliminary substrate by adding an element into the preliminary substrate, forming a transistor structure on the preliminary substrate, the transistor structure including a source/drain region, replacing the sacrificial layer with a power contact that comprises an upper surface contacting the source/drain region, and forming a power rail that contacts a lower surface of the power contact.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may measure a first energy level of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). The UE may measure a second energy level of at least one of a tracking reference signal (TRS) or a synchronization signal block (SSB). The UE may determine, based at least in part on the first energy level and the second energy level, a DMRS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The UE may perform, based at least in part on the DMRS SNR, channel estimation for a physical channel associated with a communication to determine an estimated channel. The UE may perform, based at least in part on the estimated channel, demodulation processing for the communication. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tooth powder containing elvan as a radiation source of a far infrared ray wherein the tooth powder includes 10 weight % to 90 weight % of elvan as a radiation source of a far infrared ray and 10 weight % to 90 weight % of bamboo salt, and is characterized in that the rate of the elvan and the bamboo salt is 10:90 to 90:10. Also, it is of sovereign remedy in preventing teeth from decaying with medicine made by desiccating sap of a lacquer tree.