Patents by Inventor Jaein Choi
Jaein Choi has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 11940848Abstract: An electronic device display may have pixels formed from crystalline semiconductor light-emitting diode dies, organic light-emitting diodes, or other pixel structures. The pixels may be formed on a display panel substrate. A display panel may extend continuously across the display or multiple display panels may be tiled in two dimensions to cover a larger display area. Interconnect substrates may have outwardly facing contacts that are electrically shorted to corresponding inwardly facing contacts such as inwardly facing metal pillars associated with the display panels. The interconnect substrates may be supported by glass layers. Integrated circuits may be embedded in the display panels and/or in the interconnect substrates. A display may have an active area with pixels that includes non-spline pixels in a non-spline display portion located above a straight edge of the display and spline pixel in a spline display portion located above a curved edge of the display.Type: GrantFiled: August 2, 2021Date of Patent: March 26, 2024Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Elmar Gehlen, Zhen Zhang, Francois R. Jacob, Paul S. Drzaic, Han-Chieh Chang, Abbas Jamshidi Roudbari, Anshi Liang, Hopil Bae, Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi, Marc J. DeVincentis, Paolo Sacchetto, Tiffany T. Moy, Warren S. Rieutort-Louis, Yong Sun, Jonathan P. Mar, Zuoqian Wang, Ian D. Tracy, Sunggu Kang, Jaein Choi, Steven E. Molesa, Sandeep Chalasani, Jui-Chih Liao, Xin Zhao, Izhar Z. Ahmed
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Publication number: 20230307488Abstract: An electronic device may have a display with an array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. The array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be overlapped by a polarizer layer such as a circular polarizer. Alternatively, the display may be a polarizer-free display without any polarizer layer over the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. Each inorganic light-emitting diode may be surrounded by a diffuser that redirects edge-emissions towards a viewer. A top diffuser, a color filter layer, a microlens, and/or a microlens with color filtering and/or diffusive properties may also optionally overlap each inorganic light-emitting diode. The inorganic light-emitting diodes may have reflective sidewalls to mitigate edge-emissions. In this type of arrangement, the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be coplanar with one or more opaque masking layers. To mitigate reflections, the display may include two opaque masking layers having differing properties or a single phase separated opaque masking layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 30, 2023Publication date: September 28, 2023Inventors: Young Cheol Yang, Young Seok Kim, Aaron L Holsteen, Cheng Cheng, Chin Wei Hsu, Hsin I Lu, Ileana G. Rau, Jaein Choi, James M Perkins, James P Ibbetson, Joy M Johnson, Jui-Chih Liao, Steven E Molesa, Sunggu Kang, Yang Deng, Zhibing Ge
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Publication number: 20230307590Abstract: An electronic device may have a display with an array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. The array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be overlapped by a polarizer layer such as a circular polarizer. Alternatively, the display may be a polarizer-free display without any polarizer layer over the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes. Each inorganic light-emitting diode may be surrounded by a diffuser that redirects edge-emissions towards a viewer. A top diffuser, a color filter layer, a microlens, and/or a microlens with color filtering and/or diffusive properties may also optionally overlap each inorganic light-emitting diode. The inorganic light-emitting diodes may have reflective sidewalls to mitigate edge-emissions. In this type of arrangement, the array of inorganic light-emitting diodes may be coplanar with one or more opaque masking layers. To mitigate reflections, the display may include two opaque masking layers having differing properties or a single phase separated opaque masking layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 30, 2023Publication date: September 28, 2023Inventors: Young Cheol Yang, Young Seok Kim, Aaron L Holsteen, Cheng Cheng, Chin Wei Hsu, Hsin I Lu, Ileana G. Rau, Jaein Choi, James M. Perkins, James P. Ibbetson, Joy M. Johnson, Jui-Chih Liao, Steven E. Molesa, Sunggu Kang, Yang Deng, Zhibing Ge
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Publication number: 20230301131Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 24, 2023Publication date: September 21, 2023Inventors: Gloria Wong, Jaein Choi, Sunggu Kang, Hairong Tang, Xiaodan Zhu, Wendi Chang, Kanuo C. Kustra, Rui Liu, Cheng Chen, Teruo Sasagawa, Wookyung Bae
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Patent number: 11757074Abstract: To extract light from a light-emitting diode (and thereby improve efficiency of the display), a microlens stack may be formed over the light-emitting diode. The microlens stack may include an array of microlenses that is covered by an additional single microlens. Having stacked microlenses in this way increases lens power without increasing the thickness of the display. The array of microlenses may be formed from an inorganic material whereas the additional single microlens may be formed from an organic material. The additional single microlens may conform to the upper surfaces of the array of microlenses. An additional low-index layer may be interposed between the light-emitting diode and the array of microlenses. A diffusive layer may be formed around the light-emitting diode to capture light emitted from the light-emitting diode sidewalls.Type: GrantFiled: April 8, 2021Date of Patent: September 12, 2023Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Joy M. Johnson, Lai Wang, Ben-Li Sheu, Hairong Tang, Steven E. Molesa, Sunggu Kang, Young Cheol Yang
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Publication number: 20230240100Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 31, 2023Publication date: July 27, 2023Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Patent number: 11700738Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.Type: GrantFiled: May 29, 2020Date of Patent: July 11, 2023Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Gloria Wong, Jaein Choi, Sunggu Kang, Hairong Tang, Xiaodan Zhu, Wendi Chang, Kanuo C. Kustra, Rui Liu, Cheng Chen, Teruo Sasagawa, Wookyung Bae
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Patent number: 11647650Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 2021Date of Patent: May 9, 2023Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Patent number: 11309372Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have a steep sidewall, a sidewall with an undercut, or a sidewall surface with a plurality of curves to disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. A control gate that is coupled to a bias voltage and covered by gate dielectric may be used to form an organic thin-film transistor that shuts the leakage current channel between adjacent anodes on the display.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 2018Date of Patent: April 19, 2022Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Chun-Yao Huang, Gloria Wong, Hairong Tang, Hitoshi Yamamoto, James E. Pedder, KiBeom Kim, Kwang Ohk Cheon, Lei Yuan, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Steven E. Molesa, Sunggu Kang, Wendi Chang, Chun-Ming Tang, Cheng Chen, Ivan Knez, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Giovanni Carbone, Graham B. Myhre, Jungmin Lee
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Publication number: 20220068900Abstract: A micro-light-emitting diode (LED) display includes a number of micro-LED pixel elements and multiple optical sensors integrated with the micro-LED pixel elements. A transparent conductor layer is disposed over the micro-LED pixel elements and optical sensors.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 10, 2021Publication date: March 3, 2022Inventors: Xiaofan NIU, Sunggu KANG, Mohammad YEKE YAZDANDOOST, Giovanni GOZZINI, Xia LI, Oray O. CELLEK, Sandeep CHALASANI, Steven E. MOLESA, Jaein CHOI
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Publication number: 20220050506Abstract: An electronic device display may have pixels formed from crystalline semiconductor light-emitting diode dies, organic light-emitting diodes, or other pixel structures. The pixels may be formed on a display panel substrate. A display panel may extend continuously across the display or multiple display panels may be tiled in two dimensions to cover a larger display area. Interconnect substrates may have outwardly facing contacts that are electrically shorted to corresponding inwardly facing contacts such as inwardly facing metal pillars associated with the display panels. The interconnect substrates may be supported by glass layers. Integrated circuits may be embedded in the display panels and/or in the interconnect substrates. A display may have an active area with pixels that includes non-spline pixels in a non-spline display portion located above a straight edge of the display and spline pixel in a spline display portion located above a curved edge of the display.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 2, 2021Publication date: February 17, 2022Inventors: Elmar Gehlen, Zhen Zhang, Francois R. Jacob, Paul S. Drzaic, Han-Chieh Chang, Abbas Jamshidi Roudbari, Anshi Liang, Hopil Bae, Mahdi Farrokh Baroughi, Marc J. DeVincentis, Paolo Sacchetto, Tiffany T. Moy, Warren S. Rieutort-Louis, Yong Sun, Jonathan P. Mar, Zuoqian Wang, Ian D. Tracy, Sunggu Kang, Jaein Choi, Steven E. Molesa, Sandeep Chalasani, Jui-Chih Liao, Xin Zhao, Izhar Z. Ahmed
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Publication number: 20220005894Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 15, 2021Publication date: January 6, 2022Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Publication number: 20210391513Abstract: To extract light from a light-emitting diode (and thereby improve efficiency of the display), a microlens stack may be formed over the light-emitting diode. The microlens stack may include an array of microlenses that is covered by an additional single microlens. Having stacked microlenses in this way increases lens power without increasing the thickness of the display. The array of microlenses may be formed from an inorganic material whereas the additional single microlens may be formed from an organic material. The additional single microlens may conform to the upper surfaces of the array of microlenses. An additional low-index layer may be interposed between the light-emitting diode and the array of microlenses. A diffusive layer may be formed around the light-emitting diode to capture light emitted from the light-emitting diode sidewalls.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 8, 2021Publication date: December 16, 2021Inventors: Jaein Choi, Joy M. Johnson, Lai Wang, Ben-Li Sheu, Hairong Tang, Steven E. Molesa, Sunggu Kang, Young Cheol Yang
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Patent number: 11145700Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 2020Date of Patent: October 12, 2021Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Publication number: 20210057670Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 29, 2020Publication date: February 25, 2021Inventors: Gloria Wong, Jaein Choi, Sunggu Kang, Hairong Tang, Xiaodan Zhu, Wendi Chang, Kanuo C. Kustra, Rui Liu, Cheng Chen, Teruo Sasagawa, Wookyung Bae
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Publication number: 20200312930Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 16, 2020Publication date: October 1, 2020Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Publication number: 20200066815Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have a steep sidewall, a sidewall with an undercut, or a sidewall surface with a plurality of curves to disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. A control gate that is coupled to a bias voltage and covered by gate dielectric may be used to form an organic thin-film transistor that shuts the leakage current channel between adjacent anodes on the display.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 27, 2018Publication date: February 27, 2020Inventors: Jaein Choi, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Chun-Yao Huang, Gloria Wong, Hairong Tang, Hitoshi Yamamoto, James E. Pedder, KiBeom Kim, Kwang Ohk Cheon, Lei Yuan, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Steven E. Molesa, Sunggu Kang, Wendi Chang, Chun-Ming Tang, Cheng Chen, Ivan Knez, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Giovanni Carbone, Graham B. Myhre, Jungmin Lee
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Patent number: 10546796Abstract: Micro LED and microdriver chip integration schemes are described. In an embodiment a microdriver chip includes a plurality of trenches formed in a bottom surface of the microdriver chip, with each trench surrounding a conductive stud extending below a bottom surface of the microdriver chip body. Integration schemes are additionally described for providing electrical connection to conductive terminal contacts and micro LEDs bonded to a display substrate and adjacent to a microdriver chip.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 2017Date of Patent: January 28, 2020Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Hsin-Hua Hu, Jaein Choi, James E. Pedder, Ion Bita, Hairong Tang, Chin Wei Hsu, Sandeep Chalasani, Chih-Lei Chen, Sunggu Kang, Shinya Ono, Jung Yen Huang, Lun Tsai
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Publication number: 20190115274Abstract: Micro LED and microdriver chip integration schemes are described. In an embodiment a microdriver chip includes a plurality of trenches formed in a bottom surface of the microdriver chip, with each trench surrounding a conductive stud extending below a bottom surface of the microdriver chip body. Integration schemes are additionally described for providing electrical connection to conductive terminal contacts and micro LEDs bonded to a display substrate and adjacent to a microdriver chip.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 10, 2017Publication date: April 18, 2019Applicant: Apple Inc.Inventors: Hsin-Hua Hu, Jaein Choi, James E. Pedder, Ion Bita, Hairong Tang, Chin Wei Hsu, Sandeep Chalasani, Chih-Lei Chen, Sunggu Kang, Shinya Ono, Jung Yen Huang, Lun Tsai
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Publication number: 20150000484Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing one or more kinds of rectangular unit pieces from a long base material sheet at a predetermined angle through a continuous cutting process using a cutting frame, the method including (a) manufacturing a base material sheet of a laminate structure having two or more stacked sheets and winding the base material sheet on a roll, (b) continuously feeding the base material sheet, wound on the roll, (c) cutting the fed base material sheet using a cutting frame having cutters mounted or formed therein in a structure in which the cutters correspond to rectangular unit pieces to be manufactured, the cutters being arranged such that the shapes of opposite side ends of the cutters coincide with each other when the cutters are successively arranged, the cutting being carried out while the base material sheet is partially overlapped such that a length (‘pitch’) for a one-time cutting process is equal to a spacing distance between the opposite side ends of the cutters in the loType: ApplicationFiled: September 16, 2014Publication date: January 1, 2015Applicant: LG CHEM, LTD.Inventors: Hokyung LEE, Jaein CHOI, Soonki HEO, Jongku LEE