Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor memory device including a peripheral gate structure on a substrate, bitlines disposed on the peripheral gate structure and extending in a first direction, a protruding insulating pattern including channel trenches, extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, channel structures disposed on the bitlines in the channel trenches and including a metal oxide, first wordlines disposed on the channel structures and extending in the second direction, second wordlines disposed on the channel structures, extending in the second direction, and spaced apart from the first wordlines in the first direction, landing pads disposed on the channel structures and connected to the channel structures, pad separation patterns disposed on the protruding insulating pattern and separating the landing pads, first passage patterns connected to the protruding insulating pattern through pad separation patterns and formed of an oxide-based insulating material, and data storage patterns dis

Abstract: Provided are a silicon nitride film etching composition, a method of etching a silicon nitride film using the same, and a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device. Specifically, a silicon nitride film may be stably etched with a high selection ratio relative to a silicon oxide film, and when the composition is applied to an etching process at a high temperature and a semiconductor manufacturing process, not only no precipitate occurs but also anomalous growth in which the thickness of the silicon oxide film is rather increased does not occur, thereby minimizing defects and reliability reduction.

Abstract: An air conditioning device for a vehicle includes: a housing having an inside divided into an inflow space, a heat exchange space, and an outflow space, which are straightly arranged, and having a plurality of discharge ports, which communicates with an interior, at the inflow space; a blowing unit disposed at the inflow space of the housing and configured to blow air; a heat exchange unit disposed at the heat exchange space of the housing and configured to adjust a temperature of conditioned air by exchanging heat with air; and an opening-closing door disposed at the outflow space of the housing and configured to open and close the plurality of discharge ports such that conditioned air at an adjusted temperature selectively flows to the plurality of discharge ports. The air conditioning device adjusts the temperature of conditioned air for respective modes and reduces a flow resistance of air.

Abstract: Proposed is a close-contact type nerve stimulator. The nerve stimulator includes a fixed part which is disposed across the front and rear of an ear, a body part which is rotatably connected to the fixed part, an electrode part which is provided in the body part and is configured to be brought into contact with the auricle or external auditory meatus of the ear, and a control part which controls the angle of rotation of the body part with respect to the fixed part, wherein the electrode part may be brought into close contact with the surface of the auricle or external auditory meatus by the rotation of the body part so as to stimulate the vagus nerve distributed in the auricle or external auditory meatus.

Abstract: A complex stimulation device includes a contact part composed of multiple layers to come into close contact with an auricle or an external auditory meatus, electric stimulation part inserted and distributed with predetermined gaps inside an outer surface of the contact part, a sound output part inserted through a center of the contact part, and a deforming part formed in the contact part.

Abstract: A nerve stimulator according to one embodiment comprises: a pad member including a first pad portion arranged so as to come into contact with the auricle, and a second pad portion arranged so as to come in contact with the external auditory meatus; and a plurality of electrode members provided in the pad member so as to output electro-stimulation, wherein the plurality of electrode members can comprise: a first electrode member provided in the first pad portion so as to come into contact with the auricle; and a second electrode member provided in the second pad portion so as to come into contact with the external auditory meatus.

Abstract: Proposed are a method and device of determining optimal complex stimuli for tinnitus treatment. The method of determining the optimal complex stimuli for tinnitus treatment includes: identifying one or more sound stimuli selected by a user input from among a plurality of sound stimuli; identifying one or more electrical stimuli selected by the user input from among a plurality of electrical stimuli; determining a first complex stimulus sequence of complex stimuli in which the one or more selected sound stimuli and the one or more selected electrical stimuli are combined; and applying the complex stimuli to a user, wearing a tinnitus treatment device, according to the determined first complex stimulus sequence.

Abstract: A nerve stimulator according to one embodiment comprises: a pad member including a first pad portion arranged so as to come into contact with the auricle, and a second pad portion arranged so as to come in contact with the external auditory meatus; and a plurality of electrode members provided in the pad member so as to output electro-stimulation, wherein the plurality of electrode members can comprise: a first electrode member provided in the first pad portion so as to come into contact with the auricle; and a second electrode member provided in the second pad portion so as to come into contact with the external auditory meatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating bone diseases, comprising a BMP-2-encoding gene and HSV-tk-encoding gene, and as an active ingredient a stem cell into which a dual kill switch expression vector in which an HGPRT-encoded gene is knocked out is introduced or a cell differentiated from the stem cell, wherein the bone regeneration effect is realized by a BMP-2 growth factor and at the same time, apoptosis may also be dually controlled by the dual kill switch.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for detecting ligand using a biosensor applied the FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) phenomenon. More particularly, the method may be used for simply detecting a ligand in a sample by measuring the FRET of a biosensor under the conditions in which a specific critical temperature is maintained. The method may use a phenomenon in which a ligand-binding protein in a biosensor shows reversible unfolding at a temperature higher than the specific critical temperature and the level of the unfolding changes depending on the concentration of a ligand. The method can be widely applied to a variety of kinds of FRET biosensors using the ligand-binding protein.

Abstract: A method of detecting and quantifying various enzymatic activities using a constructed artificial genetic circuit GESS (genetic enzyme screening system) for sensing phenolic compounds and a method of screening a trace of activities of target enzymes from a metagenome using the artificial genetic circuit, thereby securing target enzyme genes. When the method for screening and quantifying target enzymatic activity is used, useful genes can be screened from various genetic communities, including environmental or metagenomic libraries, at a single cell level in high throughput (million/day). Further, the sensitivity of the genetic circuit to phenol derivatives and the expression thereof can be controlled, and thus the genetic circuit can rapidly sense and quantify various enzymatic activities. Thus, the method can be advantageously used in the protein engineering technology for enzyme modification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting protein-protein interactions in living cells, and more particularly, to a method for providing cells comprising a first construct and a second construct, wherein the first construct comprises a polynucleotide encoding a first fusion protein which comprises a bait protein, a first fluorescent protein and a CBD (cellulose-binding domain) protein, and wherein the second construct comprises a polynucleotide encoding a second fusion protein which comprises a prey protein and a second fluorescent protein so as to allow formation of inclusion bodies, and detecting interactions between the bait protein and the prey protein that are displayed by inclusion bodies, a method for isolating the prey protein bound to the bait protein using the cells comprising the constructs, the cells, and a kit for detecting protein-protein interactions, comprising the constructs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metagenome-derived alkaline phosphatase, and more particularly to a novel, metagenome-derived alkaline phosphatase screened using a artificial genetic circuit that detects phenolic compounds, and a preparation method thereof. A novel alkaline phosphatase according to the present invention has high activity of dephosphorylating DNA and can be inactivated rapidly by simple heat treatment. Thus, it can be used for a dephosphorylation reaction so that genetic manipulations, including genetic cloning, become efficient. In addition, it can be actively expressed in recombinant microorganisms, and thus can be used in various assays, including enzyme immunoassay.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting protein-protein interactions in living cells, and more particularly, to a method for providing cells comprising a first construct and a second construct, wherein the first construct comprises a polynucleotide encoding a first fusion protein which comprises a bait protein, a first fluorescent protein and a CBD (cellulose-binding domain) protein, and wherein the second construct comprises a polynucleotide encoding a second fusion protein which comprises a prey protein and a second fluorescent protein so as to allow formation of inclusion bodies, and detecting interactions between the bait protein and the prey protein that are displayed by inclusion bodies, a method for isolating the prey protein bound to the bait protein using the cells comprising the constructs, the cells, and a kit for detecting protein-protein interactions, comprising the constructs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metagenome-derived alkaline phosphatase, and more particularly to a novel, metagenome-derived alkaline phosphatase screened using a artificial genetic circuit that detects phenolic compounds, and a preparation method thereof. A novel alkaline phosphatase according to the present invention has high activity of dephosphorylating DNA and can be inactivated rapidly by simple heat treatment. Thus, it can be used for a dephosphorylation reaction so that genetic manipulations, including genetic cloning, become efficient. In addition, it can be actively expressed in recombinant microorganisms, and thus can be used in various assays, including enzyme immunoassay.

Abstract: A method of detecting and quantifying various enzymatic activities using a constructed artificial genetic circuit GESS (genetic enzyme screening system) for sensing phenolic compounds and a method of screening a trace of activities of target enzymes from a metagenome using the artificial genetic circuit, thereby securing target enzyme genes. When the method for screening and quantifying target enzymatic activity is used, useful genes can be screened from various genetic communities, including environmental or metagenomic libraries, at a single cell level in high throughput (million/day). Further, the sensitivity of the genetic circuit to phenol derivatives and the expression thereof can be controlled, and thus the genetic circuit can rapidly sense and quantify various enzymatic activities. Thus, the method can be advantageously used in the protein engineering technology for enzyme modification.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for detecting ligand using a biosensor applied the FRET(fluorescence resonance energy transfer) phenomenon. More particularly, the method may be used for simply detecting a ligand in a sample by measuring the FRET of a biosensor under the conditions in which a specific critical temperature is maintained. The method may use a phenomenon in which a ligand-binding protein in a biosensor shows reversible unfolding at a temperature higher than the specific critical temperature and the level of the unfolding changes depending on the concentration of a ligand. The method can be widely applied to a variety of kinds of FRET biosensors using the ligand-binding protein.

Abstract: A method for cloning and expressing a target gene by homologous recombination, and more particularly a method for cloning and expressing a target gene by homologous recombination, wherein a host cell transformed with a recombinant vector and a plasmid containing a recombinase system is introduced with a linear DNA fragment comprising a target gene and a sequence having homology to the recombinant vector. Because complicated genetic engineering steps, such as the restriction enzyme treatment and ligation of a vector and a target gene, are not required, the cloning of a gene can be performed without needing a high degree of skill, and enzyme cost can be reduced. The inventive method can be effectively used for the massive, high-speed cloning and protein expression of genes, and the disclosed pRMT-iTGR system can be used as an analytical means for improving high-efficiency recombinase.

Abstract: A method for cloning and expressing a target gene by homologous recombination, and more particularly a method for cloning and expressing a target gene by homologous recombination, wherein a host cell transformed with a recombinant vector and a plasmid containing a recombinase system is introduced with a linear DNA fragment comprising a target gene and a sequence having homology to the recombinant vector. Because complicated genetic engineering steps, such as the restriction enzyme treatment and ligation of a vector and a target gene, are not required, the cloning of a gene can be performed without needing a high degree of skill, and enzyme cost can be reduced. The inventive method can be effectively used for the massive, high-speed cloning and protein expression of genes, and the disclosed pRMT-iTGR system can be used as an analytical means for improving high-efficiency recombinase.

Abstract: A protein biosensor having increased signal intensity to sugar concentration and the use thereof. A fluorescent indicator protein is described, in which fluorescent proteins of different emission ranges are fused to both ends of a binding protein undergoing a conformational change due to binding of sugars, such that a change in the concentration of various sugars involved in intracellular metabolism, e.g., maltose, can be detected by measuring a change in emission intensities, caused by FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer). A method for detecting a change in the concentration of sugars using such fluorescent indicator protein is also described. The fluorescent indicator protein has excellent signal intensity enabling precision measurement of intracellular concentration of various sugars. In one implementation, high signal intensity fluorescent indicator proteins can be prepared from proteins otherwise used as biosensors, to enable them to be more widely useful.