Abstract: Provided is a ferroelectric structure. The ferroelectric structure includes: a substrate; a lower electrode disposed on the substrate; a ferroelectric layer disposed on the lower electrode including a two-dimensional ferroelectric material; and an upper electrode disposed on the ferroelectric layer, in which a current value of random intensity is obtained for the same voltage being applied.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for managing a battery are based upon degradation determination of the battery. The method includes determining a charging method when starting charging of a battery, storing at least one of a charge voltage, charge current, and temperature when starting charging of the battery, and when the determined charging method is constant current (CC) charging, determining a state of health (SOH) of the battery by comparing an increase in charge capacity of the battery with respect to an increase in charge voltage of the battery with a CC-section SOH mapping table, or when the determined charging method is constant voltage (CV) charging, determining the SOH of the battery by comparing at least one of an increase in the charge capacity of the battery and a charge time of the battery with a CV-section SOH mapping table.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for managing a battery. The method includes determining a charging method when starting charging of a battery, storing at least one of a charge voltage, charge current, and temperature when starting charging of the battery, and when the determined charging method is constant current (CC) charging, determining a state of health (SOH) of the battery by comparing an increase in charge capacity of the battery with respect to an increase in charge voltage of the battery with a CC-section SOH mapping table, or when the determined charging method is constant voltage (CV) charging, determining the SOH of the battery by comparing at least one of an increase in the charge capacity of the battery and a charge time of the battery with a CV-section SOH mapping table.

Abstract: An electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery includes an electrode active material and a copolymer represented by where A is selected from —O—(CFRf3—CFRf4)—, —(CFRf4—CFRf5)— and combinations thereof, each of Rf1 through Rf5 is independently selected from fluorine, C1-C4 alkyls and C1-C4 fluorinated alkyls, and each of x and y is an integer ranging from 1 to 100,000.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a battery unit that has an accommodation space for an electrode assembly, a vent housing that defines a housing space connected with the accommodation space through a first vent hole, the vent housing including a second vent hole through which the housing space is connected with an outside of the secondary battery, a revolving member that is rotatably mounted between a closing position for closing the first and second vent holes and an opening position for opening the first and second vent holes, and first and second sealing caps that are formed at opposite sides of the revolving member with respect to a rotation axis of the revolving member. The first and second sealing caps respectively close the first and second vent holes, when the revolving member is mounted at the closing position.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a battery unit that has an accommodation space for an electrode assembly, a vent housing that defines a housing space connected with the accommodation space through a first vent hole, the vent housing including a second vent hole through which the housing space is connected with an outside of the secondary battery, a revolving member that is rotatably mounted between a closing position for closing the first and second vent holes and an opening position for opening the first and second vent holes, and first and second sealing caps that are formed at opposite sides of the revolving member with respect to a rotation axis of the revolving member. The first and second sealing caps respectively close the first and second vent holes, when the revolving member is mounted at the closing position.

Abstract: An electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery includes an electrode active material and a copolymer represented by where A is selected from —O—(CFRf3—CFRf4)—, —(CFRf4—CFRf5)— and combinations thereof, each of Rf1 through Rf5 is independently selected from fluorine, C1-C4 alkyls and C1-C4 fluorinated alkyls, and each of x and y is an integer ranging from 1 to 100,000.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a first and second substrates disposed facing each other, an address electrode formed on the first substrate and extending in a first direction, a first dielectric layer covering the address electrode, a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer, a first electrode and a second electrode alternately disposed on the second dielectric layer and extending in a second direction, a third dielectric layer covering the first electrode and the second electrode, a discharge space, the discharge space having a bottom defined by the first dielectric layer at a bottom of the discharge space and sidewalls defined by the second and third dielectric layers, and a phosphor layer in the discharge space.

Abstract: A plasma display panel has a dielectric layer with a relatively high dielectric withstanding voltage that can be easily formed, and a manufacturing method thereof. The plasma display panel includes a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a plurality of first electrodes disposed along a first direction between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of second electrodes disposed apart from the first electrodes between the first substrate and the second substrate, and extending along a second direction crossing the first direction; a plurality of third electrodes disposed apart from the first electrodes between the first substrate and the second substrate, and extending along the second direction; and a plurality of oxide dielectric layers disposed on the first electrodes, the second electrodes, or the third electrodes, the oxide dielectric layers comprising oxidized materials of the first electrodes, the second electrodes, or the third electrodes.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a first and second substrates disposed facing each other, an address electrode formed on the first substrate and extending in a first direction, a first dielectric layer covering the address electrode, a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer, a first electrode and a second electrode alternately disposed on the second dielectric layer and extending in a second direction, a third dielectric layer covering the first electrode and the second electrode, a discharge space, the discharge space having a bottom defined by the first dielectric layer at a bottom of the discharge space and sidewalls defined by the second and third dielectric layers, and a phosphor layer in the discharge space.

Abstract: A plasma display panel adapted to reduce a discharge firing voltage and reset and address periods, thereby enhancing luminescence efficiency. The plasma display panel include first and second substrates facing each other with a predetermined gap in between. The gap is divided into a plurality of discharge cells where phosphor layers are formed. First and second electrodes alternately extend in a first direction between the substrates and further extend in a third direction from the first toward the second substrate. First and second address electrodes are located between the substrates and extend in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The address electrodes correspond to boundaries of the discharge cells located adjacent in the first direction and have protruding portions alternately protruding inside their respective discharge cells.

Abstract: A PDP capable of reducing a discharge firing voltage and improving luminescence efficiency using an opposing electrode structure is presented. The PDP includes a first substrate and a second substrate opposite the first, leaving a space in between where a plurality of partitioned discharge cells are formed, phosphor layers formed in the discharge cells, address electrodes formed between the first and second substrates, first and second electrodes formed between the first and second substrates extending orthogonal to the address electrodes and alternately arranged among adjacent discharge cells and each commonly used by the adjacent discharge cells, and dielectric layers formed to cover outer surfaces of the address electrodes and the first and second electrodes. Each of the address electrodes has a protruding portion that protrudes into the discharge cells and is commonly used by adjacent discharge cells sharing the first or second electrodes.