Abstract: A photomask includes a transparent substrate having a first surface and a second surface, which are opposite to each other, a first translucent layer disposed on the first surface of the transparent substrate, a light-shielding layer disposed on the second surface of the transparent substrate, and a second translucent layer disposed between the second surface of the transparent substrate and the light-shielding layer. The second translucent layer has a higher transmittance than a transmittance of the first translucent layer.

Abstract: An anode active material for a secondary battery according to the present disclosure includes a composite particle including a core containing silicon and metal nanoparticles arranged on an outer surface of the core. A ratio of the volume of the metal nanoparticles to the volume of the core is greater than 0.22 and 0.4 or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is an analysis method and device for evaluating an electrical characteristic for a vertical sidewall in a semiconductor gate stack structure in a three-dimensional (3D) structure, which may be configured to prepare a plurality of 3D semiconductor gate stack structures having different areas, and including the same vertical sidewall within the areas, respectively, to measure electrical characteristics of the 3D semiconductor gate stack structures, respectively, and to detect an electrical characteristic of the vertical sidewall from relationship between the areas and the electrical characteristics through extrapolation.

Abstract: Provided are a test element group (TEG) device and a cryogenic intrinsic characteristic analysis method for quantitatively assessing impact of a high-k-based passivation layer on an electrical characteristic of a device in a two-dimensional (2D) field effect transistor (FET) structure. Herein, to analyze a FET device that includes a channel of a 2D material and a passivation layer of a high-k material, a first FET device in which the passivation layer is arranged in a first direction with respect to the channel and a second FET device in which the passivation layer is arranged in a second direction different from the first direction with respect to the channel may be prepared. The first and second charge amounts trapped in the passivation layers in the first and second FET devices, respectively, may be compared to assess quantitative impact of the shape of the passivation layer on the FET device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distillation apparatus having a various heat exchange methods added to a process of producing dimethyl carbonate using reactive distillation and pressure-swing distillation. According to the disclosure, internal and external heat integration between a high-pressure and a low-pressure distillation column, which constitute pressure-swing distillation columns, is applied to a dimethyl carbonate production process, and a vapor recompression heat pump configured to compress and heat a fluid and transfer the heat to a fluid having a relatively low temperature is applied to achieve additional heat exchange with a reactive distillation column, thereby improving the dimethyl carbonate production process in terms of energy and economic efficiency by reducing energy consumption while reducing investment and operating costs of a reboiler and a condenser, which are required in a conventional process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for designing a powertrain system architecture for a mobility apparatus based on allowable failure rate of system and reliability. The method includes generating an available power rate under failure of a system based on a failure scenario according to a failure of components in the system architecture, generating a system reliability according to the failure scenario based on a failure rate of the component and a connection combination between the components of the system architecture, determining severity data of the system related to the available power rate under failure, based on risk level data indicating a correlation between a risk level and a power reduction rate of the system according to the available power rate under failure, and determining whether to adopt the system architecture based on an allowable failure rate of the system corresponding to the severity data and the system reliability.

Abstract: A display device includes, a substrate, a circuit layer on the substrate, and a light emitting element layer on the circuit layer and including light emitting elements, wherein the circuit layer includes, a light emitting pixel driver electrically connected to the light emitting elements, a first active layer, a first gate conductive layer on the first active layer, a second gate conductive layer on the first gate conductive layer, a second active layer on the second gate conductive layer, and a third gate conductive layer on the second active layer, and wherein the light emitting pixel driver includes: a first capacitor including capacitor electrodes respectively located in the second gate conductive layer and the third gate conductive layer, and a second capacitor including capacitor electrodes respectively located in the first active layer, the first gate conductive layer, and the second gate conductive layer.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for generating conceptual design for mobility apparatus. The method includes: generating problem definition data according to a requirement specification of a user; generating function data according to functional decomposition for each aircraft mission based on the requirement specification and the problem definition data; extracting element data of a main configuration of the aircraft based on design concept data searched for based on the required function data and databased external data; and generating matrix data having airframe configuration data of the aircraft based on a combination of the element data of the main configuration.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for selecting conceptual design for a mobility apparatus. The method includes selecting airframe configuration data from a plurality of airframe configuration data related to an aircraft according to a criterion condition, generating evaluation data related to the selected airframe configuration data by using a performance evaluation index for the airframe configuration data, and selecting the concept configuration for the aircraft in the selected airframe configuration data based on the evaluation data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for optimizing a program voltage and an erase voltage of a charge-trap memory device through a three-dimensional (3D) trap analysis that may apply each of different trap control voltages to the memory device and measure low-frequency noises of the memory device respectively corresponding to the trap control voltages, may extract trap distributions in the memory device for the trap control voltages based on the low-frequency noises, respectively, and may analyze the trap distributions according to depths of the memory device, and detect a trap control voltage having a maximum trap distribution in a charge trap layer of the memory device, thereby detecting at least one of an optimal program voltage and erase voltage for the memory device.

Abstract: A method for forming a hydrophobic photoresist thin film includes the steps of: injecting a first precursor and an oxygen source into a chamber in which a substrate is disposed, so as to form a thin film including hydrophilic groups; and injecting a second precursor to modify the thin film including the hydrophilic groups and form a modified layer. The photoresist thin film formed thereby does not contain hydroxyl groups and thus exhibits hydrophobicity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing hydrocarbon double acids using a cyclic hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst, wherein adipic acid and dodecanedioic acid may be produced with high yield while solving the problem of environmental pollution, the adipic acid and the dodecanedioic acid being prepared by using an oxidation reaction of a cyclohexane-cyclohexanone mixture and an oxidation reaction of a cyclododecane-cyclododecanone mixture, respectively, in the presence of a vanadium phosphate oxide-based catalyst and/or a cobalt-manganese oxide-based catalyst.

Abstract: A display device includes a circuit layer including emission pixel drivers, and data lines transferring data signals of the emission pixel drivers; a data driver generating the data signals of the emission pixel drivers; and a demultiplexer circuit electrically connected between the data driver and the data lines and including a first demultiplexer transistor turned on by a first demultiplexer control signal and a second demultiplexer transistor turned on by a second demultiplexer control signal. A first data line of the data lines is electrically connected to the data driver through the first demultiplexer transistor and a transfer path shorter than a first extension length. A second data line of the data lines is electrically connected to the data driver through the second demultiplexer transistor and a transfer path longer than or equal to the first extension length.

Abstract: An automotive air vent includes: a housing having open front and rear portions, and an air vent mounted inside the housing and configured to move in a front-to-back direction. and the air vent includes a blade and a knob for adjusting a wind direction. The automotive air vent further includes a mesh cover installed in a divided manner inside the housing and configured to cover the air vent so that wind is discharged at a reduced wind speed. In particular, the mesh cover is configured to guide the air vent to selectively move forward when the mesh cover is retracted into the housing for switching from a no-wind mode to an air vent mode.

Abstract: A method of inspecting a light-emitting element sample, an apparatus for inspecting a light-emitting element sample, a method of manufacturing a display device, and an electronic device comprising a display device are provided. The method of inspecting the light-emitting element sample includes: acquiring electrical information and optical information on the light-emitting element sample; and analyzing the light-emitting element sample by synthesizing the electrical information and the optical information.

Abstract: A method for forming an insulating layer pattern includes providing a substrate including two or more different types of dielectric layer regions; selectively forming a blocking layer on the substrate to include a first region on which a blocking layer is formed and a second region on which no blocking layer is formed or the blocking layer is formed less than in the first region; selectively forming an insulating layer on the second region; and etching a portion of an upper portion of the insulating layer.

Abstract: Composite anode layers, anodes, all-solid state batteries, and their manufacturing methods are disclosed. In an embodiment, a composite anode layer includes an anode active material and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte. The anode active material includes a core-shell structured anode active material including a core that includes silicon and a shell disposed on a surface of the core. The shell includes a lithium-containing compound, and the lithium-containing compound comprises at least one of phosphorus and boron. This configuration can improve the structural stability and lithium ion conductivity of an anode active material using a silicon-based anode material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition for preventing, ameliorating or treating a liver disease, which contains a bioconverted red ginseng extract as an active ingredient, specifically a composition for preventing, ameliorating or treating cholestatic liver disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver. The composition of the present disclosure, which contains the bioconverted red ginseng extract as an active ingredient, has the effect of increasing the expression of bile acid biosynthesis and transport-related genes in liver tissue, increasing the relative abundance of Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Ruminococcus faecis strains in the gut, inhibiting the expression of the ApoE gene, and inhibiting the accumulation of lipid droplets in liver tissue. Thus, the composition of the present disclosure can be usefully used in the prevention, amelioration or treatment of liver disease, specifically cholestatic liver disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Abstract: A display device includes a circuit layer including light-emitting pixel drivers; a first sharing line next to a first boundary between a first light-emitting pixel driver and a second light-emitting pixel driver next to each other, and electrically connected to the first light-emitting pixel driver and the second light-emitting pixel driver; a first semiconductor layer on a substrate; and a second semiconductor layer on a first inter-insulating layer. Each of the light-emitting pixel drivers includes a first transistor of which a channel portion, a first electrode, and a second electrode are disposed in the second semiconductor layer. A first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer of the first light-emitting pixel driver are symmetrical with a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer of the second light-emitting pixel driver with respect to the first boundary.

Abstract: A robot diagnosis apparatus can include a memory storing computer-executable instructions and at least one processor that accesses the memory and executes the instructions. The at least one processor can identify a target task including monitoring of a robot and a test on the robot, based on receiving a database stored in the server, identify an option group including a first option about a type of the robot and a second option about a connection between the robot and the processor, and perform a diagnosis of the robot, based on the target task and the option group.