Abstract: The present invention discloses an encoding apparatus using a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) scanning, which includes a mode selection means for selecting an optimal mode for intra prediction; an intra prediction means for performing intra prediction onto video inputted based on the mode selected in the mode selection means; a DCT and quantization means for performing DCT and quantization onto residual coefficients of a block outputted from the intra prediction means; and an entropy encoding means for performing entropy encoding onto DCT coefficients acquired from the DCT and quantization by using a scanning mode decided based on pixel similarity of the residual coefficients.

Abstract: A laser light source is provided including an airtight container. A first resonance mirror and a second resonance mirror are disposed outside the airtight container. The first resonance mirror includes a lens unit and a reflection coating layer. The lens unit includes a first surface and a second surface, and the first surface is inclined with respect to the second surface.

Abstract: A laser light source is provided including an airtight container. A first resonance mirror and a second resonance mirror are disposed outside the airtight container. The first resonance mirror includes a lens unit and a reflection coating layer. The lens unit includes a first surface and a second surface, and the first surface is inclined with respect to the second surface.

Abstract: A laser light source is provided including an airtight container. A first resonance mirror and a second resonance mirror are disposed outside the airtight container. The first resonance mirror includes a lens unit and a reflection coating layer. The lens unit includes a first surface and a second surface, and the first surface is inclined with respect to the second surface.

Abstract: A cleaning solution for preventing the collapse of photoresist patterns and a method of cleaning a semiconductor device using the cleaning solution; the cleaning solution includes a solvent and a surfactant and has a dynamic surface tension of about 50 dyne/cm or less at about 6 bubbles/seconds when measured by a maximum bubble pressure method. The collapse of the photoresist pattern can be prevented using the cleaning solution when forming minute photoresist patterns having about 100 nm or less pattern width. The cleaning solution containing a surfactant in a high concentration also can be prepared to reduce distribution expenses.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method of producing human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hGCSF) and human growth hormone (hGH) from least by using recombinant DNA technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a method of producing hGCSF or hGH by using yeast expression vector which contains: hybrid promoters comprising promoters of two different yeast-derived genes, yeast killer toxin leader peptide, and amino terminus of IL-1&bgr;. In addition, this invention relates to a method of producing hGCSF by using expression vector which contains promoter and secretion signal of HSP 150.