Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. As a non-limiting example, various aspects of this disclosure provide a stackable semiconductor device with small size and fine pitch and a method of manufacturing thereof.

Abstract: An embodiment of the inventive concept provides a method of manufacturing a polymer film, the method including: preparing a first copolymer containing a first functional group; preparing a second copolymer containing a second functional group; preparing a first compound containing a third functional group; and performing a cross-linking reaction by mixing the first copolymer, the second copolymer, and the first compound, wherein the cross-linking reaction includes a reaction of the first functional group and the second functional group and a reaction of the second functional group and the third functional group, the first compound includes a polar group and any one group selected from among a vinyl group, an aryl group, and an acrylate group, and the third functional group has reactivity with respect to the second functional group, but does not have reactivity with respect to the first functional group.

Abstract: Provided is focal variable device system including a focus variable element including an absorbing layer, and an adjustable light source configured to cause an adjustable light to enter the focus variable element. The absorbing layer includes a thermal expansion material that absorbs the adjustable light and thermally expands.

Abstract: An embodiment of the inventive concept provides a method of manufacturing a polymer film, the method including: preparing a first copolymer containing a first functional group; preparing a second copolymer containing a second functional group; preparing a first compound containing a third functional group; and performing a cross-linking reaction by mixing the first copolymer, the second copolymer, and the first compound, wherein the cross-linking reaction includes a reaction of the first functional group and the second functional group and a reaction of the second functional group and the third functional group, the first compound includes a polar group and any one group selected from among a vinyl group, an aryl group, and an acrylate group, and the third functional group has reactivity with respect to the second functional group, but does not have reactivity with respect to the first functional group.

Abstract: Provided is focal variable device system including a focus variable element including an absorbing layer, and an adjustable light source configured to cause an adjustable light to enter the focus variable element. The absorbing layer includes a thermal expansion material that absorbs the adjustable light and thermally expands.

Abstract: An apparatus for a mobile telecommunication is provided. A mobile telecommunication apparatus having a built-in camera including: a camera body to which a lens and an image signal detector are attached; a housing for accommodating the camera body; and a connection member disposed between the camera body and the housing, and forming a first turning axis and a second turning axis so that the camera body turns in relation to the housing with respect to two different turning axes independently from each other.