Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating transplantation rejection or a transplantation rejection disease, comprising a novel compound and a calcineurin inhibitor. A co-administration of the present invention 1) reduces the activity of pathogenic Th1 cells or Th17 cells, 2) increases the activity of Treg cells, 3) has an inhibitory effect against side effects, such as tissue damage, occurring in the sole administration thereof, 4) inhibits various pathogenic pathways, 5) inhibits the cell death of inflammatory cells, and 6) increases the activity of mitochondria, in an in vivo or in vitro allogenic model, a transplantation rejection disease model, a skin transplantation model, and a liver-transplanted patient, and thus inhibits transplantation rejection along with mitigating side effects possibly occurring in the administration of a conventional immunosuppressant alone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for detecting an emotional change through facial expression analysis. The apparatus for detecting an emotional change through facial expression analysis includes a memory having at least one program recorded thereon, and a processor configured to execute the program, wherein the program includes a camera image acquisition unit configured to acquire a moving image including at least one person, a preprocessing unit configured to extract a face image of a user from the moving image and preprocess the extracted face image, a facial expression analysis unit configured to extract a facial expression vector from the face image of the user and cumulatively store the facial expression vector, and an emotional change analysis unit configured to detect a temporal location of a sudden emotional change by analyzing an emotion signal extracted based on cumulatively stored facial expression vector values.

Abstract: Disclosed are semiconductor devices, electronic systems including the same, and methods of fabricating the same. The semiconductor device comprises a first gate stack structure including a first dielectric pattern and a first conductive pattern that are alternately stacked with each other, a memory channel structure including a first memory portion that penetrates the first gate stack structure, a through contact including a first through portion at a level the same as a level of the first memory portion, and a connection contact including a first connection portion at a level the same as the level of the first memory portion and the level of the first through portion. A minimum width of the first memory portion is less than a minimum width of the first through portion and a minimum width of the first connection portion.

Abstract: An image processing device including: a gain value manager for generating white gain values corresponding to a plurality of positions, based on a sensing result of a predetermined white image; a target pixel manager for detecting saturated pixels, based on pixel values received from an external device, and determining target pixels as saturated white pixels of which each have a pixel value that indicates that the saturated white pixel is saturated, based on peripheral pixels of the saturated white pixels among the detected saturated pixels; and a target pixel corrector for changing pixel values of the target pixels, based on the white gain values and pixel values of the peripheral pixels.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an encoding apparatus using a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) scanning, which includes a mode selection means for selecting an optimal mode for intra prediction; an intra prediction means for performing intra prediction onto video inputted based on the mode selected in the mode selection means; a DCT and quantization means for performing DCT and quantization onto residual coefficients of a block outputted from the intra prediction means; and an entropy encoding means for performing entropy encoding onto DCT coefficients acquired from the DCT and quantization by using a scanning mode decided based on pixel similarity of the residual coefficients.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of a stress disease and depression, the pharmaceutical composition be safely useable without toxicity and side effects by using an extract of leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb., which is natural resource of Korea, so that the reduction of manufacturing and production costs and the import substitution and export effects can be expected through the replacement of a raw material for preparation with a plant inhabiting in nature.

Abstract: A monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention can bind to lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) including a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region and inhibit the activity thereof. Thus it is expected to be useful for the development of immunotherapeutic agents for various disorders that are associated with LAG-3.

Abstract: A method of reducing a concentration of a nitrogen oxide, the method comprising: contacting a microorganism with a nitrogen oxide-containing sample to reduce the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the sample, wherein the contacting comprises contacting the microorganism with Fe(II)(L)-NOx in a bioreactor, wherein the Fe(II)(L)-NOx is a complex in which a chelating agent, Fe2+, and NOx are chelated, wherein L is the chelating agent, and wherein NOx is a nitrogen oxide ligand.

Abstract: There are provided a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof. The semiconductor device includes: a stack structure including a plurality of interlayer insulating layers and a plurality of gate conductive layers, which are stacked in an alternating manner; at least one support structure penetrating the stack structure in a substantially vertical manner, the at least one support structure being formed in a contact region; and a contact plug penetrating the stack structure in a substantially vertical manner, the contact plug being formed in the contact region, the contact plug being connected to a contact pad that is disposed on the bottom of the stack structure. The at least one support structure is formed of an oxide layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device includes a light emitting structure having a first conductivity-type semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second conductivity-type semiconductor layer, a transparent electrode layer on the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer and spaced apart from an edge of the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer, a first insulating layer on the light emitting structure to cover the transparent electrode layer and including a plurality of holes connected to the transparent electrode layer, and a reflective electrode layer on the first insulating layer and connected to the transparent electrode layer through the plurality of holes.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for transmitting data using a random access procedure in a communication system. An operation method of a terminal in a communication system includes transmitting a first MsgA including an RA preamble #i and a payload to a base station; receiving, from the base station, a MsgB including information indicating that an RA preamble #k is reserved; and transmitting a second MsgA including the RA preamble #k and data to the base station in a preamble reservation period associated with the RA preamble #k.

Abstract: Disclosed are various methods for transmitting or receiving data or control information having high reliability conditions. A method for operating a terminal which transmits uplink control information (UCI) includes: a step of generating UCI; a step of comparing the priority of an uplink (UL) control channel for the transmission of the UCI with the priority of a UL data channel when some symbols of the UL control channel and the UL data channel overlap; and a step of selecting the UL channel having a higher priority among the UL control channel and the UL data channel, and transmitting the UCI to a base station through the selected UL channel.

Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device can comprise a unit substrate comprising a unit conductive structure and a unit dielectric structure, and an electronic component coupled to the unit conductive structure. The unit substrate can comprise a portion of a singulated subpanel substrate of a panel substrate. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing (alleviating) hair loss or promoting hair regrowth, comprising an ingredient for promoting hair regrowth or retarding hair loss. In this regard, in-vitro experiments were conducted in the present invention to verify the effects of promoting the wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway activity, proliferating dermal papilla cells, and increasing an expression level of beta-catenin protein. Furthermore, the composition was found to have a high effect of preventing hair loss and/or promoting hair regrowth because a better result was obtained as assayed by researchers' evaluation through clinical photography and by phototrichogram after application thereof. In light of such comprehensive outcomes, the composition of the present invention has an excellent effect of preventing hair loss and/or promoting hair regrowth.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel which includes a letterbox area and an image display area which displays an image and includes a boundary luminance variable area extending from the letterbox area; and a luminance control unit which controls a reduced luminance amount of the boundary luminance variable area based on the image.

Abstract: Semiconductor light emitting devices and packages are provided. The semiconductor light emitting device includes a substrate, a luminous structure, and first and second electrodes. The substrate has a first region and a second region that is spaced apart in a first direction from the first region. The luminous structure includes a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second semiconductor layer that are sequentially stacked on the substrate. The first electrode is on the second semiconductor layer. The second electrode is electrically coupled to the first semiconductor layer through plural first openings that penetrate the first electrode, the second semiconductor layer, and the active layer, where the first openings expose the first semiconductor layer. The first electrode is in contact with the second semiconductor layer in the first region and in the second region, and the first openings are in the first region.

Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device can comprise a unit substrate comprising a unit conductive structure and a unit dielectric structure, and an electronic component coupled to the unit conductive structure. The unit substrate can comprise a portion of a singulated subpanel substrate of a panel substrate. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A light emitting device is provided. The light emitting device includes a first semiconductor layer; a second semiconductor layer provided on a bottom surface of the first semiconductor layer; an active layer interposed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer; a dielectric layer provided on a bottom surface of the second semiconductor layer; a plurality of first n-contacts provided on a first etched surface of the first semiconductor layer; and a plurality of first p-contacts and a plurality of second p-contacts provided on the bottom surface of the second semiconductor layer. One first n-contact is disposed along a first edge region of the first semiconductor layer, one first p-contact is closer to the one first n-contact than one second p-contact, and an area of the one first p-contact is greater than an area of each of the second p-contacts.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth, containing an ingredient for inducing anagen hair growth or hair growth promotion. The composition for preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth, of the presently claimed subject matter, shortens the period of telogen-to-anagen transition in the hair growth cycle, so as to promote hair growth and delay the transition to the catagen stage, thereby having the excellent effects of preventing hair loss and promoting hair growth.

Abstract: A wafer defect test apparatus in which a defect prediction performance is improved and a simulation time is shortened is provided.