Abstract: The present invention provides a process for a production of light olefins and aromatics from cracked light naphtha by selective cracking. The present invention thus provides a process for up grading cracked olefinic naphtha to high value petrochemical feed stocks. This process is based on catalytic cracking in which the catalyst activity is optimized by depositing coke for production of light olefins and aromatics. The proposed process has high flexibility and can be operated either in maximizing olefins as reflected from the PIE ratio or in maximizing aromatics (BTX) at different modes of operation depending upon the product requirement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to delayed coking of heavy petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products. The invented process utilize a pre-cracking reactor for mild thermal cracking of the feedstock and an intermediate separator, before being subjected to higher severity thermal cracking in delayed coking process, resulting in reduction in overall coke yield.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for a production of light olefins and aromatics from cracked light naphtha by selective cracking. The present invention thus provides a process for up grading cracked olefinic naphtha to high value petrochemical feed stocks. This process is based on catalytic cracking in which the catalyst activity is optimized by depositing coke for production of light olefins and aromatics. The proposed process has high flexibility and can be operated either in maximizing olefins as reflected from the PIE ratio or in maximizing aromatics (BTX) at different modes of operation depending upon the product requirement.

Abstract: The present subject matter describes a method and apparatus for operating a delayed coker. The method comprises contacting a vapour produced in a delayed coker-drum with a catalyst maintained in form of a bed, and maintaining a level of said catalyst-bed within pre-defined limits during catalytic-cracking of the vapour. Thereafter, the cracked-vapour is routed to a coker-fractionator column to trigger conversion into one or more hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for mixing and atomizing a hydrocarbon stream is disclosed. The apparatus comprises of an inner conduit having a first inlet for receiving the hydrocarbon stream, and a second inlet for receiving a primary dispersion stream. The inner conduit produces a primary mixture comprising the hydrocarbon stream and the primary dispersion stream. The apparatus further includes an outer conduit having a third inlet for receiving a secondary dispersion stream. Further, said inner and outer conduits together define an annular passage. The distal end of the annular passage defines a second set of orifices for allowing the secondary dispersion stream flowing there-through to come in contact with the primary mixture and thereby dispensing the secondary mixture so obtained through an outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for mixing and atomizing a hydrocarbon stream is disclosed. The apparatus comprises of an inner conduit having a first inlet for receiving the hydrocarbon stream, and a second inlet for receiving a primary dispersion stream. The inner conduit produces a primary mixture comprising the hydrocarbon stream and the primary dispersion stream. The apparatus further includes an outer conduit having a third inlet for receiving a secondary dispersion stream. Further, said inner and outer conduits together define an annular passage. The distal end of the annular passage defines a second set of orifices for allowing the secondary dispersion stream flowing there-through to come in contact with the primary mixture and thereby dispensing the secondary mixture so obtained through an outlet.

Abstract: The present subject matter describes a method and apparatus for operating a delayed coker. The method comprises contacting a vapour produced in a delayed coker-drum with a catalyst maintained in form of a bed, and maintaining a level of said catalyst-bed within pre-defined limits during catalytic-cracking of the vapour. Thereafter, the cracked-vapour is routed to a coker-fractionator column to trigger conversion into one or more hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid phase additive comprising an alkyl nitrate; a petroleum sulphonates; an aliphatic, aromatic, cyclohexylamines or hetroalkylated lower amines; a hindered phenol based compounds; a phosphate esters and an aliphatic alcohols for use in delayed coking process with decreased coke yield and increased yield of liquid and/or gaseous product and a process for preparing the liquid phase additive. The present invention also relates to a process for thermal cracking of petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products by using liquid phase additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a delayed coking process comprising a step of subjecting a mixed feed comprises residual heavy hydrocarbon feedstock and bio oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass of one or more of Jatropha, Cashew nut, Karanjia and Neem to a delayed coking process and a system for the delayed coking process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to delayed coking of heavy petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products. The invented process utilize a pre-cracking reactor for mild thermal cracking of the feedstock and an intermediate separator, before being subjected to higher severity thermal cracking in delayed coking process, resulting in reduction in overall coke yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid phase additive comprising an alkyl nitrate; a petroleum sulphonates; an aliphatic, aromatic, cyclohexylamines or hetroalkylated lower amines; a hindered phenol based compounds; a phosphate esters and an aliphatic alcohols for use in delayed coking process with decreased coke yield and increased yield of liquid and/or gaseous product and a process for preparing the liquid phase additive. The present invention also relates to a process for thermal cracking of petroleum residue producing petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products by using liquid phase additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a delayed coking process comprising a step of subjecting a mixed feed comprises residual heavy hydrocarbon feedstock and bio oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass of one or more of Jatropha, Cashew nut, Karanjia and Neem to a delayed coking process and a system for the delayed coking process.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel thermal cracking additive compositions for reduction of coke yield in Delayed Coking process and method for preparing the same. The present invention also provides that the thermal cracking additive compositions of the present invention are in micron-size and nano-size. Further, the present invention provides a process of thermal cracking of heavy petroleum residue used in petroleum refineries using Delayed Coking process to produce petroleum coke and lighter hydrocarbon products with decreased coke yield and increased yield of liquid and/or gaseous products.

Abstract: An apparatus for catalytic cracking of feedstock includes a first channel in which a feedstock is treated with an adsorbent to obtain a treated intermediate. The apparatus further comprises a separator-reactor vessel. The separator-reactor vessel includes an adsorbent separating region to remove the adsorbent from the treated intermediate. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a second channel connected to the adsorbent separating region. The treated intermediate is contacted with a catalyst in the second channel to produce a cracking yield. The second channel terminates in a catalyst separating region of the separator-reactor vessel. The catalyst is removed from the cracking yield in the catalyst separating region. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a physical partition disposed between the adsorbent separating region and the catalyst separating region to separate the two regions.

Abstract: An apparatus for catalytic cracking of feedstock includes a first channel in which a feedstock is treated with an adsorbent to obtain a treated intermediate. The apparatus further comprises a separator-reactor vessel. The separator-reactor vessel includes an adsorbent separating region to remove the adsorbent from the treated intermediate. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a second channel connected to the adsorbent separating region. The treated intermediate is contacted with a catalyst in the second channel to produce a cracking yield. The second channel terminates in a catalyst separating region of the separator-reactor vessel. The catalyst is removed from the cracking yield in the catalyst separating region. The separator-reactor vessel further includes a physical partition disposed between the adsorbent separating region and the catalyst separating region to separate the two regions.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a process and apparatus for catalytic cracking of various petroleum based heavy feed stocks in the presence of solid zeolite catalyst and high pore size acidic components for selective bottom cracking and mixtures thereof, in multiple riser type continuously circulating fluidized bed reactors operated at different severities to produce high yield of middle distillates, in the range of 50–65 wt % of fresh feed.

Abstract: A process for converting undesirable olefinic hydrocarbon streams to hydrogen and petrochemical feedstock e.g. light olefins in C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 range and aromatics especially toluene and xylenes, which comprises simultaneous cracking and reforming at olefin rich hydrocarbons using a catalyst consisting of dehydrogenating metal components, shape selective zeolite components and large pore acidic components in different proportions in a circulating fluidized bed reactor-regenerator system having reactor temperature within 450-750.degree. C. and WHSV of 0.1-60 hour.sup.-1.

Abstract: A process for preparation of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, comprising silicon stabilized large crystallite sized synthetic faujasite zeolite, aluminum depleted and normal kaolin clay, alumina and silica. The cracking catalyst is highly active and selective for bottom upgradation, it produces less coke and higher gasoline and total cycle oil (TCO) and possesses improved metal tolerance properties when evaluated and compared with a commercial catalyst under conditions of a typical FCC unit in a petroleum refinery.

Abstract: A process for selective catalytic cracking of a petroleum-based feedstock to produce a product having a high yield of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) and light olefins having 3 to 4 carbons includes providing a fluidized bed reactor which is a high velocity riser, continuously circulating fluidized bed reactor; providing a solid acidic catalyst comprised of: from 1 to 6% by wt. of ultra stable Y-zeolite; from 8-25% by wt. of Pentasil zeolite which is shape selective; from 0-8% by wt. of an active material which is bottom selective; from 0-1% by wt. of rare earth constituents; and from 91 to 60% by wt. of nonacidic constituents and binder; charging the fluidized bed reactor with the solid acidic catalyst and the petroleum-based feedstock; and cracking the petroleum-based feedstock in the presence of the solid acidic catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor. The reactor is operated at a Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) ranging from 40 to 120 hr.sup.