Abstract: A circuit layer is formed by drilling vias and forming channels in a circuit layer which has catalytic particles exposed on the surfaces, channels, and vias. A first flash electroless deposition is followed by application of dry film, followed by selective laser ablation of the dry film channels and vias. A second electroless solution is applied which provides additional deposition over the first flash electroless deposition but only on the vias and trace channel areas. An electrodeposition follows, using the first deposition as a cathode. The dry film is stripped and the first electroless layer is etched, leaving only depositions in the channels and vias.

Abstract: Consistent with example embodiment, a DC-DC converter is adapted to supply a MEMS device comprising an input for receiving a DC voltage (Vs), an output for transmitting a supplied voltage (V1) to the MEMS device. The DC-DC converter further comprises a biasing circuit (MNBC) for biasing a first node (Vmi) and a second node (Vme) with a first biasing voltage (Vm1) and a second biasing voltage (Vm2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a DC-DC converter adapted to supply a MEMS device comprising an input for receiving a DC voltage (Vs), an output for transmitting a supplied voltage (V1) to the MEMS device. The DC-DC converter further comprises a biasing circuit (MNBC) for biasing a first node (Vmi) and a second node (Vme) with a first biasing voltage (Vm1) and a second biasing voltage (Vm2).

Abstract: Alkyd resins, processes for their production, and their use are disclosed, these resins being distinguished by the fact that, in production, no organic solvents are used. The alkyd resins are clear and almost odorless and have a low viscosity. When used as a bonding agent in brush paints final products produced from these resins should not contain more than 10 to 15% by weight of organic solvents. The alkyd resins are obtainable from the following ingredients:A) 58.90 to 75.25% by weight of drying fatty acids,B) 7.00 to 16.25% by weight of pentaerythritol,B') 0 to 3.00% by weight of glycerolC) 0.07 to 1.40% by weight of hypophosphorous acid,D) 5.00 to 29.00% by weight of trimellitic anhydride andE) 0 to 5.00% by weight of triphenyl phosphite, where the components A), B), B'), C), and E) must make up 100% by weight.

Abstract: Alkyd resins, processes for their production, and their use are disclosed, these resins being distinguished by the fact that, in production, no organic solvents are used. The alkyd resins are clear and almost odorless and have a low viscosity. When used as a bonding agent in brush paints final products produced from these resins should not contain more than 10% to 15% by weight of organic solvents. The alkyd resins are obtainable from the following ingredients:A) 58.90 to 75.25% by weight of drying fatty acids,B) 7.00 to 16.25% by weight of pentaerythritol,B') 0 to 3.00% by weight of glycerolC) 0.07 to 1.40% by weight of hypophosphorous acid,D) 5.00 to 29.00% by weight of trimellitic anhydride andE) 0 to 5.00% by weight of triphenyl phosphite, where the components A), B), B'), C), and E) must make up 100% by weight.