Abstract: A lithium ion battery includes a positive electrode comprising carbon fibers, a binder composition with conductive carbon, and a lithium rich composition. The lithium rich composition comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Li1+x(My MzII MwIII)O2 where x+y+z+w=1, and xLi2MnO3(1?x)LiMO2, where x=0.2-0.7, and where M, MII and MIII are interchangeably manganese, nickel and cobalt, and LiM2?xMxIIO4, where M and MII are manganese and nickel, respectively, with x=0.5. A negative electrode comprises carbon fibers having bound thereto silicon nanoparticles, and a mesophase pitch derived carbon binder between the silicon nanoparticles and the carbon fibers. An electrolyte is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Methods of making positive and negative electrodes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A supercapacitor and a related electrolyte composition suitable for use in a supercapacitor are provided. An electrolyte composition can include a conductive sodium salt component comprising NaTFSI and a non-aqueous solvent component comprising dimethoxy ethane (DME). The conductive sodium salt component and the non-aqueous solvent component can be present at a molar ratio of NaTFSI:DME of 1:1 to 1:3, inclusive.

Abstract: A supercapacitor according to the present invention includes a negative carbon-comprising electrode which does not intercalate sodium, and a positive carbon-comprising electrode. An electrolyte composition comprises sodium hexafluorophosphate and a non-aqueous solvent comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The supercapacitor has an electrochemical voltage window of from +0.0 V to 3.5 V (full cell voltage). The electrolyte has an electrochemical voltage window of from +0.05 V to 3.9 V vs. Na/Na+. A method of making and a method of operating a supercapacitor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery includes an anode and a cathode. The cathode includes a lithium, manganese, nickel, and oxygen containing compound. An electrolyte is disposed between the anode and the cathode. A protective layer is deposited between the cathode and the electrolyte. The protective layer includes pure lithium phosphorus oxynitride and variations that include metal dopants such as Fe, Ti, Ni, V, Cr, Cu, and Co. A method for making a cathode and a method for operating a battery are also disclosed.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery includes an anode and a cathode. The cathode includes a lithium, manganese, nickel, and oxygen containing compound. An electrolyte is disposed between the anode and the cathode. A protective layer is deposited between the cathode and the electrolyte. The protective layer includes pure lithium phosphorus oxynitride and variations that include metal dopants such as Fe, Ti, Ni, V, Cr, Cu, and Co. A method for making a cathode and a method for operating a battery are also disclosed.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery includes an anode and a cathode. The cathode includes a lithium, manganese, nickel, and oxygen containing compound. An electrolyte is disposed between the anode and the cathode. A protective layer is deposited between the cathode and the electrolyte. The protective layer includes pure lithium phosphorus oxynitride and variations that include metal dopants such as Fe, Ti, Ni, V, Cr, Cu, and Co. A method for making a cathode and a method for operating a battery are also disclosed.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery includes an anode and a cathode. The cathode includes a lithium, manganese, nickel, and oxygen containing compound. An electrolyte is disposed between the anode and the cathode. A protective layer is deposited between the cathode and the electrolyte. The protective layer includes pure lithium phosphorus oxynitride and variations that include metal dopants such as Fe, Ti, Ni, V, Cr, Cu, and Co. A method for making a cathode and a method for operating a battery are also disclosed.

Abstract: A supercapacitor and a related electrolyte composition suitable for use in a supercapacitor are provided. An electrolyte composition can include a conductive sodium salt component comprising NaTFSI and a non-aqueous solvent component comprising dimethoxy ethane (DME). The conductive sodium salt component and the non-aqueous solvent component can be present at a molar ratio of NaTFSI:DME of 1:1 to 1:3, inclusive.

Abstract: A cathode for a metal air battery includes a cathode structure having pores. The cathode structure has a metal side and an air side. The porosity decreases from the air side to the metal side. A metal air battery and a method of making a cathode for a metal air battery are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrode for a battery includes a plurality of electrochemically active conversion-based particles coated by multilayer graphene, a plurality of carbon fibers, and a carbonaceous binder. The carbonaceous binder binds the active particles coated with the multilayer graphene to the plurality of carbon fibers. A battery containing the electrode and a method of making an electrode and a battery containing the electrode are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cathode for a metal air battery includes a cathode structure having pores. The cathode structure has a metal side and an air side. The porosity decreases from the air side to the metal side. A metal air battery and a method of making a cathode for a metal air battery are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are multilayer, porous, thin-layered lithium-ion batteries that include an inorganic separator as a thin layer that is chemically bonded to surfaces of positive and negative electrode layers. Thus, in such disclosed lithium-ion batteries, the electrodes and separator are made to form non-discrete (i.e., integral) thin layers. Also disclosed are methods of fabricating integrally connected, thin, multilayer lithium batteries including lithium-ion and lithium/air batteries.

Abstract: Disclosed are multilayer, porous, thin-layered lithium-ion batteries that include an inorganic separator as a thin layer that is chemically bonded to surfaces of positive and negative electrode layers. Thus, in such disclosed lithium-ion batteries, the electrodes and separator are made to form non-discrete (i.e., integral) thin layers. Also disclosed are methods of fabricating integrally connected, thin, multilayer lithium batteries including lithium-ion and lithium/air batteries.

Abstract: A method of operating a diesel engine and an emission control system including a diesel particulate filter comprising of The inventors herein have realized that accurate particulate matter information for controlling processes and parameters may be realized by a method for operating an engine comprising of correlating a measured property associated with a carbon nanostructure layer to an amount of particulate matter from an exhaust stream of the engine, wherein the carbon nanostructure includes a plurality of carbon nanostructures, and adjusting engine operation based on the amount of particulate matter.

Abstract: A method for operating an engine comprises correlating a measured property associated with a carbon nanostructure layer to an amount of particulate matter from an exhaust stream of the engine. In this way, engine operation may be adjusted based on an amount of sensed particulate matter.

Abstract: A method of operating a diesel engine and an emission control system including a diesel particulate filter comprising of The inventors herein have realized that accurate particulate matter information for controlling processes and parameters may be realized by a method for operating an engine comprising of correlating a measured property associated with a carbon nanostructure layer to an amount of particulate matter from an exhaust stream of the engine, wherein the carbon nanostructure includes a plurality of carbon nanostructures, and adjusting engine operation based on the amount of particulate matter.