Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate; a polycrystalline silicon film on the substrate; and a first buffer film between the substrate and the polycrystalline silicon film and having one surface contacting the polycrystalline silicon film and another surface opposite to the one surface, wherein the one surface of the first buffer film has a first root mean square (RMS) roughness range, and the first RMS roughness range is 1.5 nm or less.

Abstract: A method of operating a homomorphic ciphertext is disclosed. The method of operating a homomorphic ciphertext includes receiving a non-polynomial operation command with respect to a homomorphic ciphertext, computing an approximate polynomial function corresponding to the non-polynomial operation, performing an operation of the homomorphic ciphertext using the computed polynomial function, and outputting the operated homomorphic ciphertext, wherein the approximate polynomial function is a second approximate polynomial function which is obtained by extending a first approximate polynomial function to have a second range wider than the first range having a preset accuracy with the non-polynomial operation within a first range.

Abstract: A method of operating a homomorphic ciphertext is disclosed. The method of operating a homomorphic ciphertext includes receiving a non-polynomial operation command with respect to a homomorphic ciphertext, computing an approximate polynomial function corresponding to the non-polynomial operation, performing an operation of the homomorphic ciphertext using the computed polynomial function, and outputting the operated homomorphic ciphertext, wherein the approximate polynomial function is a second approximate polynomial function which is obtained by extending a first approximate polynomial function to have a second range wider than the first range having a preset accuracy with the non-polynomial operation within a first range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal filter for purifying the exhaust gas from a ship, and a preparation method thereof. The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a metal filter for purifying the exhaust gas from a ship, capable of reducing nitrogen oxide by 85% or more at 250-300° C.; and a preparation method thereof. The metal filter for removing nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas from a ship of the present invention comprises an integrated catalyst, wherein a metal substrate comprising irregularities is coated with a low temperature active catalyst in which vanadium (V), tungsten (W) and alumina sol are supported in a Ti-pillared clay (Ti-PILC) powdered support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal filter for purifying the exhaust gas from a ship, and a preparation method thereof. The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a metal filter for purifying the exhaust gas from a ship, capable of reducing nitrogen oxide by 85% or more at 250-300° C.; and a preparation method thereof. The metal filter for removing nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas from a ship of the present invention comprises an integrated catalyst, wherein a metal substrate comprising irregularities is coated with a low temperature active catalyst in which vanadium (V), tungsten (W) and alumina sol are supported in a Ti-pillared clay (Ti-PILC) powdered support.