Abstract: To provide the quality and reliability of a fiber optic link over a wireless link, network nodes in accordance with the present invention include a link quality management unit, which controls multiple transmission parameters of a wireless interface in response variable link conditions. For example, the link quality management unit of one embodiment of the present invention controls transmission power, modulation, and error correction. In general, a receiving network node provides feedback to a transmitting network node. Thus, in many embodiments of the present invention, the link quality management unit includes a signal quality detector, which measures a signal quality value, such as bit error rate, signal to noise ratio, or error vector magnitude. The measured signal quality is transmitted back to the transmitting node so that appropriate changes can be made to the transmission parameters.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a process and apparatus for catalytic cracking of various petroleum based heavy feed stocks in the presence of solid zeolite catalyst and high pore size acidic components for selective bottom cracking and mixtures thereof, in multiple riser type continuously circulating fluidized bed reactors operated at different severities to produce high yield of middle distillates, in the range of 50–65 wt % of fresh feed.

Abstract: A method and system for sending rich media. In a preferred embodiment, a document containing rich media is parsed using preset filtering options to determine a subset of the document containing rich media that is intended to be sent to a recipient. The document containing rich media and filtering instructions are then sent to a document server. The filtering instructions instruct the document server as to the identity of the subset of the document containing rich media. The entire document containing rich media is stored on the document server, but only the subset of the rich media is copied and sent to an intended recipient.

Abstract: A process for fixed bed sweetening of petroleum distillates using halogenating metal phthalocyanine as a catalyst comprising impregnating the catalyst on activated charcoal bed by circulating alcoholic alkaline solution of the catalyst through charcoal bed till colorless bed solution is obtained in the effluent, passing the petroleum distillate through the said catalyst loaded charcoal bed along with air or oxygen at a temperature and pressure with liquid hourly space velocity with continuous or intermittent injection of alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide of concentration to obtain the desired low mercaptan level petroleum distillates. The alkaline solution used is selected from methanolic and ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide. The halogenated metal phthalocyanine catalyst used is selected from dichloro cobalt phthalocyanine and dibromo cobalt phthalocyanine. The petroleum fraction used is selected from diesel, kerosene and FCC gasoline.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a supported catalyst comprising a Halogenated Phthalocyanine of cobalt, iron or manganese of formula 1 which comprises: mixing a phthalocyanine of cobalt, iron or manganese with a halogenating agent in a stoichiometric ratio ranging between 1:1 to 1:20 optionally in an inert organic solvent, refluxing or heating and stirring for a time period ranging between 1-6 hrs, distilling the excess halogenating agent from the mixture, filtering and washing the residual mass by known method to obtain the desired halogenated phthalocyanine and impregnating a support material with the desired halogenated phthalocyanine.

Abstract: A process for measuring the alignment of different layers on a semiconductor wafer (33) includes forming repetitive alignment marks (14, 24) having substantially the same period on the different layers on the wafer (33). The images of the overlay alignment marks (14, 24) are converted from space domain to frequency domain through Fourier transformations. The alignment measurements are performed by calculating the phase difference between the images corresponding to the repetitive patterns (14, 24) on different layers.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery having an anode electrode, a cathode electrode and a non-aqueous solvent lithium electrolyte. At least one cyclophosphazene is added to the non-aqueous solvent lithium electrolyte, which cyclophosphazene acts as a flame-retardant material. The non-aqueous solvent lithium electrolyte is preferably a carbonate-based electrolyte and the preferred cyclophosphazene is hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a Halogenated Metal Phthalocyanine catalyst of formula 1.

Abstract: To more fully utilize the available bandwidth of a network link, network nodes in accordance with the present invention allow TDM data to be combined with packet data. A Packet/TDM cross connect switch, having both a TDM switch and a packet switch, is used in these embodiments. Data packets are transformed into TDM packet columns. The TDM packet columns are combined with standard TDM data columns in the payload of a TDM data frame. Data packets may be sorted based on a priority scheme, in which high priority data packets are given precedence over lower priority data.

Abstract: To provide the quality and reliability of a fiber optic link over a wireless link, network nodes in accordance with the present invention include a link quality management unit, which controls multiple transmission parameters of a wireless interface in response variable link conditions. For example, the link quality management unit of one embodiment of the present invention controls transmission power, modulation, and error correction. In general, a receiving network node provides feedback to a transmitting network node. Thus, in many embodiments of the present invention, the link quality management unit includes a signal quality detector, which measures a signal quality value, such as bit error rate, signal to noise ratio, or error vector magnitude. The measured signal quality is transmitted back to the transmitting node so that appropriate changes can be made to the transmission parameters.

Abstract: A network node includes a network interface, a cross connect switch coupled to the network interface, and a multi-medium network interface coupled to the cross connect switch. The multi-medium network interface includes multiple network interfaces, such as an optical interface and a wireless interface. The wireless interface could be for example an RF wireless interface or a free-space optics interface. Some embodiments of the present invention may include both an RF wireless interface and a free-space optics interface. A TDM user interface is also coupled to the cross connect switch. In some embodiments, the network interface is also a multi-medium network interface. Furthermore, some embodiments can include additional multi-medium network interfaces.

Abstract: The versatility provided by network nodes in accordance with the present invention allows the formation of networks using different types of links, links with differing bandwidth, data rates, and bit error rates, as well as both asymmetric and symmetric links. For example, a network can include a first network node coupled to a second network node with a wireless link. The network can include a third network node coupled to the second network node an optical link and coupled to the first network node by a wireless link. A fourth network node can be easily inserted between the third network node and the third network node using wireless links. The optical link between the second and third network nodes can operate at one bandwidth and the various wireless links would operate at other bandwidths depending on the environmental conditions between each pair of nodes.

Abstract: To better utilize the variable bandwidth of wireless links, a network node in accordance with the present invention escapes rigid bandwidth hierarchy of conventional TDM protocols, which is not suited for fully using the available bandwidth of a wireless link. Specifically, many embodiments of the present invention use TDM frames that have payloads, which do not strictly conform to the bandwidth hierarchy of conventional TDM protocols. For example, many embodiments of the present invention form TDM frames having a payload that is a non-integer multiple of a base bandwidth, such as OC-1/STS-1.

Abstract: To provide better quality of service, Network nodes in accordance with the present invention use a media abstraction unit to integrate link-layer management with network layer traffic management. Various transmission parameters are modified in response to changing environmental factors. The modification of the transmission parameters changes the available bandwidth of the wireless link. In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, the available bandwidth of the wireless link is used at network layer traffic management. Specifically in one embodiment of the present invention, the amount low priority data packet within a TDM data frame is altered to use the available bandwidth.

Abstract: In this invention streaming video data is embedded within a panoramic image for display. The invention teaches a method and system for displaying an image of a scene of interest from a stored environment map of the scene and from video data of the scene. The method includes the steps of: (A) receiving and storing the video data of the scene; (B) selecting an orientation of the scene; (C) retrieving video data according to the selected orientation of the scene; (D) rendering the environment map according to the selected orientation of the scene to generate a first image for the selected orientation; (E) synchronously combining the retrieved video data and the first image to form a composite image for the selected orientation of the scene of interest; and (F) displaying the composite image. In one embodiment the method for displaying the image of the scene of interest further includes a step of continuously receiving video data packets that include image data and sound data.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus are disclosed for selectively inserting interactive content into a live TV or recorded broadcasting presentation and tracking the usage of the inserted content by end user viewers of the presentation. The method and apparatus enable operators to watch the live audiovisual programming feed, view and navigate product lists from e-commerce servers, control the insertion of interactive content into the audiovisual programming, monitor the content insertion status, and track the usage by client viewers of the inserted content in real time. It is especially useful for interactive e-commerce applications.

Abstract: A metal hydride rechargeable cell is provided that discharges during a test discharge at a rate of 8 C to 18 C and a cell temperature of 0° C. where the voltage remains above 0.2 volts during the half of the discharge curve. The cell comprises a negative electrode of hydrogen storage alloy material having a particle size volume distribution whose d(50) value does not exceed 2(2Dht)½, where Dh is the hydrogen diffusion coefficient for the alloy at 0° C. and t is a time period from about 200 to about 450 seconds. A method of manufacturing the cell of the present invention involves an activation protocol comprising at least one formation cycle, a heat treating step, and a cycling step. This method avoids unnecessary processing of the metal alloy material prior to incorporation into the negative electrode.

Abstract: A metal hydride rechargeable cell is provided that discharges during a test discharge at a rate of 8 C to 18 C and a cell temperature of 0° C. where the voltage remains above 0.2 volts during the half of the discharge curve. The cell comprises a negative electrode of hydrogen storage alloy material having a particle size volume distribution whose d(50) value does not exceed 2(2Dht)½, where Dh is the hydrogen diffusion coefficient for the alloy at 0° C. and t is a time period from about 200 to about 450 seconds. A method of manufacturing the cell of the present invention involves an activation protocol comprising at least one formation cycle, a heat treating step, and a cycling step. This method avoids unnecessary processing of the metal alloy material prior to incorporation into the negative electrode.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a method and device for implementing a dynamic End of Discharge Voltage (EODV) for rechargeable batteries and battery packs (batteries/packs). This dynamic EODV can be adjusted based on, for example, environment, operating conditions, temperature, residual capacity, cell chemistry, cell size, form factor, discharge rate, and/or the number of charge/discharge cycles the battery has undergone. The subject invention can provide for enhanced run time from each discharge cycle of the battery/pack. In addition, the subject invention can provide for more accurate save-to-disk alarms, while ensuring adequate energy for the actual save to disk operation. Furthermore, the subject invention can also extend the useful life of the battery/pack.

Abstract: A pseudo-capacitor having a high energy storage capacity develops a double layer capacitance as well as a Faradaic or battery-like redox reaction, also referred to as pseudo-capacitance. The Faradaic reaction gives rise to a capacitance much greater than that of the typical ruthenate oxide ultracapacitor which develops only charge separation-based double layer capacitance. The capacitor employs a lead and/or bismuth/ruthenate and/or iridium system having the formula A.sub.2 ?B.sub.2-x Pb.sub.x !O.sub.7-y, where A=Pb, Bi, and B=Ru, Ir, and O<x.ltoreq.1 and O<y<0.5 and limits the amount of ruthenate and/or iridium in the electrodes while increasing the energy storage capacity. The ruthenate can be synthesized at low temperatures (40.degree.-80.degree. C.) to form a compound with a high surface area and high electronic conductivity which, in combination with the increased pseudo-capacitance, affords high energy/power density in the pseudo-capacitor.