Abstract: A method (200) is disclosed for operating a constrained device within a network, the network comprising a Network Address Translation (NAT) node deployed between the constrained device and a manager. The method comprises receiving from the manager configuration information for a Port Control Protocol (PCP) configuration data Object on the constrained device (210), the configuration information comprising a value for a Resource in the PCP configuration data Object (210a) and execution of a Resource in the PCP configuration data Object, the execution triggering sending of a PCP request (210b). The method further comprises sending a PCP Request to the NAT node in accordance with the executed Resource, the PCP Request including the Resource value received in the configuration information (220). Also disclosed are methods (500, 600) and apparatus for configuring and managing a constrained device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing the value of trash. By increasing the value of trash, persons have an incentive to collect litter and deposit the collected litter at an appropriate trash collection site (e.g., garbage can, reverse vending machine, recycling center, etc.). In one aspect, a financial instrument (e.g., a Bitcoin, Bitcoin-like value, account identifier, or any other financial instrument) or a pointer to a financial instrument is attached to the object itself or placed inside of the object in a way that is not easily extracted before appropriate time.

Abstract: Complete and partial object publication using, for example, MQTT or other protocol is described. In some embodiments, an emphasis is placed on keeping the amount of state information that the broker must maintain to a minimum, as well as allowing idempotent operations over objects in order to keep the object view between the subscribers consistent. Embodiments are described in which only the parts of an object have changed are transferred to the subscribers who subscribe to that object.

Abstract: A method performed by a node (111) supporting operation on a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), but incapable of supporting operation on a Domain Name System (DNS) protocol. The node (111) encodes (402) a DNS query into a first message (601, 701), which has a format supported by the CoAP. The DNS query is mapped to the CoAP format of the first message (601, 701) based on a mapping scheme. The node (111) then initiates sending (403) the first message (601, 701) to another node (112) operating in the communications network (100). The another node (112) supports operation on the CoAP and on the DNS protocol. The node (111) finally receives (404) a second message (620, 706) from the another node (112), which has the format supported by the CoAP. The second message (620, 706) comprises the DNS response to the sent DNS query. The DNS response is mapped to the CoAP format of the second message (620, 706) based on the mapping scheme.

Abstract: A first communication device transmits, to a second communication device, a first indication indicating a configuration enabling the first communication device to receive a partial modification of resources. The first communication device receives, from the second communication device, a second indication indicating a partial update, in time, associated with a resource and a value of a part of the resource. The first communication device further maintains an internal value of the part of the resource based on the second indication.

Abstract: A method (200) is disclosed for operating a constrained device within a network, the network comprising a firewall deployed between the constrained device and a manager. The method comprises receiving from the manager configuration information for an Attack Vector data Object and a Port Control Protocol (PCP) configuration data Object on the constrained device (210). The configuration information comprises a value for a Resource in the Attack Vector data Object (210a) and a value for a Resource in the PCP configuration data Object (210b). The method further comprises sending a PCP Request to the firewall in accordance with the PCP configuration data Object, the PCP Request including the Resource value for the Attack Vector data Object received in the configuration information (220). Also disclosed are methods (400, 500) and apparatus for managing a constrained device.

Abstract: A method performed by a first communication device, for identifying at least one second communication device each second communication device providing a respective semantic representation. The first communication device and a number of second communication devices operate in a communications network. The first communication device decides (201) a target semantic representation and decides (202) a threshold related to a tolerated semantic distance between a semantic representation and the target semantic representation. The first communication device sends (203) to one or more network devices in the communications network, a request for any one or more second communication devices out of the number of second communication devices, providing a semantic representation having a semantic distance below the decided threshold.

Abstract: A method (100) for facilitating real time multimedia communications between a constrained device and a multimedia client is disclosed. The method comprises discovering an identity and a multimedia capability of a constrained device (110), 5 receiving, from a multimedia client, a request for multimedia content from the constrained device (120), mapping information from the request to a message format used by the constrained device (130), and forwarding the mapped information to the constrained device (140). Also disclosed is a method (300) performed by a constrained device having a multimedia capability. The method comprises registering 10 an identity of the constrained device and metadata about the multimedia capability of the constrained device with a resource directory (310).

Abstract: A method performed by a node (111) supporting operation on a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), but incapable of supporting operation on a Domain Name System (DNS) protocol. The node (111) encodes (402) a DNS query into a first message (601, 701), which has a format supported by the CoAP. The DNS query is mapped to the CoAP format of the first message (601, 701) based on a mapping scheme. The node (111) then initiates sending (403) the first message (601, 701) to another node (112) operating in the communications network (100). The another node (112) supports operation on the CoAP and on the DNS protocol. The node (111) finally receives (404) a second message (620, 706) from the another node (112), which has the format supported by the CoAP. The second message (620, 706) comprises the DNS response to the sent DNS query. The DNS response is mapped to the CoAP format of the second message (620, 706) based on the mapping scheme.

Abstract: A method performed by a first node (111) is described herein. The first node (111) operates in a communications network (10). The first node (111) sends (204) a query to a second node (112) operating in the communications network (10). The query requests information on a location of a communication device (130) operating in the communications network (10). The communication device (130) is identified by the first node (111) as a constrained communication device (130) lacking a capability to query the second node (112). The first node (111) obtains (205) the information from the second node (112), in response to the sent query, and initiates updating (207) an object in the communication device (130) based on the obtained information. A method performed by the communication device (130) is also described, whereby the device sends (301), to the first node (111), an indication that it is constrained, and obtains (304) the update.

Abstract: A method performed in a network connected endpoint device having a first address as its current address. The method comprises receiving Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) signalling from a network server. The received signalling comprises an Observe request for an information resource of the endpoint device. The resource comprises the current address of the endpoint device stored therein. The method also comprises, in accordance with the received signalling comprising the Observe request, sending CoAP signalling to the network server. The sent signalling comprises information about the current address of the endpoint device stored in the resource. The technique also relates to a method of the network server as well as to the endpoint device and the network server.

Abstract: A method of providing access to IoT resources is provided. The method is performed by a Bluetooth low energy, BLE, tag supporting a Bluetooth wireless technology standard. The method comprises broadcasting a reference to a resource directory comprising reachability information to one or more Internet of Things, IoT, resources and supporting a Constrained Application Protocol, CoAP. A corresponding method performed by a communications device is also provided, and a BLE tag, a communications device, computer programs and computer program products.

Abstract: A method is executable on a Gateway which is capable of communicating with a Machine Device, a User Device and a Manager Device. The method comprise receiving, from the Manager Device, a first request, requesting for status information associated with the Machine Device, after which the Gateway is determining under which conditions to acquire the requested status information, and to send the acquired status information to the Manager Device. Next the Gateway is determining the relevant status information of the Machine Device, based on a response to a second request, requesting for updated data associated with the Machine Device, the second request being provided to the Machine Device from the Used Device, and the response being received from the Machine Device by the Gateway, after which a notification, comprising the determined status information, is provided from the Gateway to the Manager Device.

Abstract: Methods for operating a device and for managing bootstrapping of devices are disclosed. The method (100) for operating a device comprises computing (102) a derivative of a secret shared between the device and a server entity of a network, generating (104) a temporary bootstrap URI by combining at least a part of the computed derivative with a static bootstrap URI for the network, and sending (106) a bootstrap request to the temporary bootstrap URI. The method for managing bootstrapping of devices comprises generating temporary bootstrap URIs corresponding to devices operable to connect to a network, and updating a network DNS registry to map the generated temporary bootstrap URIs to the IP address of at least one of a bootstrap server instance reachable via the network and/or a bootstrap load balancer. Also disclosed are a device, a bootstrap load balancer, a bootstrap server, and a computer program.

Abstract: A method performed by a node (111) supporting operation on a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), but incapable of supporting operation on a Domain Name System (DNS) protocol. The node (111) encodes (402) a DNS query into a first message (601, 701), which has a format supported by the CoAP. The DNS query is mapped to the CoAP format of the first message (601, 701) based on a mapping scheme. The node (111) then initiates sending (403) the first message (601, 701) to another node (112) operating in the communications network (100). The another node (112) supports operation on the CoAP and on the DNS protocol. The node (111) finally receives (404) a second message (620, 706) from the another node (112), which has the format supported by the CoAP. The second message (620, 706) comprises the DNS response to the sent DNS query. The DNS response is mapped to the CoAP format of the second message (620, 706) based on the mapping scheme.

Abstract: A method in a network node of a communication network configured to manage command messages from at least one Machine Type Communication, MTC, device manager intended for an MTC device, comprises receiving command messages from the at least one MTC device manager, step (201). One or more command messages are merged into an MTC device message that comprises at least one command message, step (203). Originator information is associated with each command message in the MTC device message, step (205). The MTC device message is sent to an MTC device. The network node may further perform the steps of receiving an MTC device message from an MTC device, the MTC device message comprising at least one response message, step (301).

Abstract: A method (200) is disclosed for operating a constrained device within a network, the network comprising a Network Address Translation (NAT) node deployed between the constrained device and a manager. The method comprises receiving from the manager configuration information for a Port Control Protocol (PCP) configuration data Object on the constrained device (210), the configuration information comprising a value for a Resource in the PCP configuration data Object (210a) and execution of a Resource in the PCP configuration data Object, the execution triggering sending of a PCP request (210b). The method further comprises sending a PCP Request to the NAT node in accordance with the executed Resource, the PCP Request including the Resource value received in the configuration information (220). Also disclosed are methods (500, 600) and apparatus for configuring and managing a constrained device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, by a device management entity, for transmitting application data to an Internet of Things (IoT) device which is accessible via two different radio networks having different transmission bandwidths. The method includes: determining that the application data is available for the IoT device, transmitting one or more parameter requests to the IoT device in which the IoT device is requested to inform the device management entity about multiple operating parameters of the IoT device, receiving a parameter response to the parameter request, the parameter response comprising response parameters including at least one of the requested operating parameters, selecting one of the radio networks for the transmission of the application data in dependence on the received response parameters, transmitting the application data to the IoT device over the selected radio network.

Abstract: A method performed by a machine-to-machine, M2M, server for managing communication with a M2M device is disclosed. The method comprising configuring the M2M device with a finite number of predetermined states and predetermined transitions for moving the M2M device into one of its predetermined states, and sending a message to the M2M device for executing at least one of the predetermined transitions.

Abstract: A method for operating a constrained device within a network is disclosed. The constrained device is configured with a plurality of data objects and a mapping between at least one of the data objects and a multicast address. The method includes detecting that the constrained device should send a notification 104 and determining a topic to which the notification relates. The method further includes, if the topic corresponds to a data object, retrieving the data object to which the topic corresponds, retrieving a mapped multicast address corresponding to the data object, and posting the notification to the retrieved multicast address.