Abstract: The invention provides an in vitro method for the determination of sun protection factor (SPF), in order to gain reproducibility and accuracy and replace the use of tests on living beings. Natural substrates of the human skin, like hyaluronic acid are tested in the form of solutions or in the form of a solid film in a modified spectrophotometer, at concentrations below 1% w/v. Once calibrated, the method is used to corroborate the protection factor offered by commercial sunscreens.

Abstract: The invention provides an in vitro method for the determination of sun protection factor (SPF), in order to gain reproducibility and accuracy and replace the use of tests on living beings. Natural substrates of the human skin, like hyaluronic acid are tested in the form of solutions or in the form of a solid film in a modified spectrophotometer, at concentrations below 1% w/v. Once calibrated, the method is used to corroborate the protection factor offered by commercial sunscreens.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the manufacture of body line templates, and for the use of those templates to repair the body lines of motor vehicle body panels. The present invention improves body line repair by restoring body lines more precisely and in the fraction of time it would typically take. Templates are often used in the industry to cut and forge body panels or body panel pieces, but not for repairing body lines. The original pattern for a body line template is made from an undamaged, perfectly contoured panel, such as a quarter panel, door panel or fender. The body line templates are used as a guide to restore the original shape of the body line on a damaged body panel. The templates are also used as a guide to more easily perfect the body lines by manipulating the applied body filler. In this way, repair time can be reduced by fifty, or as much as seventy-five, percent.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the manufacture of body line templates, and for the use of those templates to repair the body lines of motor vehicle body panels. The present invention improves body line repair by restoring body lines more precisely and in the fraction of time it would typically take. Templates are often used in the industry to cut and forge body panels or body panel pieces, but not for repairing body lines. The original pattern for a body line template is made from an undamaged, perfectly contoured panel, such as a quarter panel, door panel or fender. The body line templates are used as a guide to restore the original shape of the body line on a damaged body panel. The templates are also used as a guide to more easily perfect the body lines by manipulating the applied body filler. In this way, repair time can be reduced by fifty, or as much as seventy-five, percent.