Abstract: An electrode for use in a device configured to remove ions from a solution. The electrode includes an intercalation material including a binary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound, a ternary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound, or a combination thereof. The binary compound may have a general formula: AxByCz[Fe(CN)6], where A=Li, Na, or K; B=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; C=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; 0?x?1; 0?y?1; and 0?z?1. The ternary compound may have the general formula: AxByCzDw[Fe(CN)6], where A=Li, Na, or K; B=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; C=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; D=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; 0?x?1; 0?y?1; 0?z?1; 0?w?1.

Abstract: A device for removing ions from a solution. The device includes first and second end plates, an anion exchange membrane positioned between the first and second end plates, a first multiple of two or more first cation intercalation electrodes positioned between the first end plate and the anion exchange membrane, and one or more second intercalation electrodes positioned between the second end plate and the anion exchange membrane. The first multiple of two or more first cation intercalation electrodes and the one or more second intercalation electrodes are configured to receive an electric bias of current or voltage such that the first multiple of two or more first cation intercalation electrodes and the one or more second intercalation electrodes store and release ions from the solution.

Abstract: An electrostatic charging air cleaning device. The device includes a pre-charger configured to generate a corona discharge to electrostatically charge particulate matter in an air stream. The device further includes a separator downstream from the pre-charger configured to convey the electrostatically charged particulate matter and formed of an insulative material. The device also includes a collection electrode configured to receive and to absorb the conveyed electrostatically charged particulate matter. The collection electrode includes a substrate material and a coating layer coated onto the substrate material. The coating layer includes a carbon black material and a polymeric binder. The substrate material is a metal plate including mechanical perforations.

Abstract: A device for removing ions from a solution. The device includes first and second flow channels between an anion exchange membrane and first and second flow plates, respectively. The first flow channel has a first land volume positioned between the first land regions and the anion exchange membrane. The first flow channel has a first channel volume positioned between the anion exchange membrane and the first channel regions and spaced apart from the anion exchange membrane. The second flow channel has a second land volume positioned between the second land regions and the anion exchange membrane. The second flow channel has a second channel volume positioned between the anion exchange membrane and the second channel regions and spaced apart from the anion exchange membrane. The device also includes an intercalation material positioned within the first land and channel volumes or the second land and channel volumes.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and replacing fuel cells within a fuel cell stack assembly. The method includes measuring one or more operating conditions of a fuel cell within the fuel cell stack assembly. The method includes determining, using a processor, a state of health of the fuel cell based at least in part on the one or more operating conditions. The method includes detaching the fuel cell from an adjacent cell within the fuel cell stack assembly by removing a first electrically-conducing mating matrix associated with a first endplate of the fuel cell from a second electrically-conducing mating matrix associated with a second endplate of the adjacent cell. The method includes attaching a replacement fuel cell by mating a third electrically-conducing mating matrix associated with a third endplate of the replacement fuel cell with a fourth electrically-conducing mating matrix associated with a fourth endplate of the adjacent cell.

Abstract: A method of forming a collection electrode for an electrostatic charging air cleaning device. The method includes forming a slurry including a carbon black powder material, a polymeric binder material and a liquid solvent material. The method further includes applying the slurry to a substrate material. The method also includes curing the slurry to obtain a coating layer on the substrate material to form the collection electrode.

Abstract: A unit cell for a fuel cell stack including an anode catalyst layer separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane from a cathode catalyst layer, a first cell end plate separated by a first gas diffusion layer from the anode catalyst layer, and a second cell end plate separated by a second gas diffusion layer from the cathode catalyst layer, wherein the first cell end plate, the second cell end plate, or both include a matrix of electrically-conducting protrusions thereof.

Abstract: A system for stretching a polynucleotide structure includes a first electrode configured to generate an electrostatic force perpendicular to a surface of the first electrode and to apply the electrostatic force to the polynucleotide structure to pin an end region of the polynucleotide structure near the surface of the first electrode, and a second electrode configured to generate an electric force along an axial direction of the polynucleotide structure to stretch the polynucleotide structure along the axial direction of the polynucleotide structure into a fully extended form.

Abstract: An anticorrosive and conductive substrate includes a bulk portion and a surface portion including a magnesium titanium material having a formula (I) TixMg1-xOy (I), where x is a number from 0 to ?1 and y is a number from 1 to ?2, and wherein at least about 50% of the magnesium titanium material has a cubic crystal structure, and wherein the magnesium titanium material is configured to impart anticorrosive and conductive properties to the substrate.

Abstract: A fuel cell including an anode side including an anode, an anode side gas diffusion layer and an anode side bipolar plate formed of a first metal material, and a cathode side including a cathode, a cathode side gas diffusion layer and a cathode side bipolar plate formed of a second metal material. The fuel cell also includes a membrane having first and second sides positioned between the anode and cathode sides. The fuel cell further includes an intercalation host situated in the anode and/or cathode sides. The intercalation host is configured to intercalate metal ions formed from the first and/or second metal materials.

Abstract: An electrostatic charging air cleaning device having first and second pre-chargers. The first pre-charger is configured to generate a first corona discharge to electrostatically charge PM in the incoming air stream with a first charge to form a first exiting air stream exiting the first pre-charger. The second pre-charger is configured to generate a second corona discharge to electrostatically charge PM in the incoming air stream with a second charge to form a second exiting air stream exiting the second pre-charger. The device also includes a separator having apertures such that PM in the second exiting air stream passes through the separator to agglomerate with PM in the first exiting air stream to form agglomerated particles. The apertures are sized such that the agglomerated particles are larger than the apertures to preclude the agglomerated particles from reentering the second exiting air stream.

Abstract: A method for generating battery characteristics for a battery having a target composition includes identifying open-circuit potential (OCP) characteristics for two similar battery compositions having different proportions of elements. The OCP characteristics are converted to dQ/dV characteristics and linearly combined to derived a target dQ/dV characteristic. The target dQ/dV characteristic is integrated to derived a target OCP characteristic. A battery constructed of the target composition is operated according to the target OCP characteristic.

Abstract: An electrochemical water cleaning device including one or more deionization cells having a membrane electrode assembly including a first electrode compartment separated by an anion exchange membrane from a second electrode compartment, each of the first and second compartments configured to contain an intercalation host electrode, a first water stream compartment separated by the membrane electrode assembly from a second water stream compartment, each of the first and second water stream compartments configured to contain a saline water solution and arranged to be in respective fluid communication with the first and second electrode compartments.

Abstract: A unit cell for a fuel cell stack including an anode catalyst layer separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane from a cathode catalyst layer, a first cell end plate separated by a first gas diffusion layer from the anode catalyst layer, and a second cell end plate separated by a second gas diffusion layer from the cathode catalyst layer, wherein the first cell end plate, the second cell end plate, or both include a matrix of electrically-conducting protrusions thereof.

Abstract: A fuel cell including an anode side including an anode, an anode side gas diffusion layer and an anode side bipolar plate formed of a first metal material, and a cathode side including a cathode, a cathode side gas diffusion layer and a cathode side bipolar plate formed of a second metal material. The fuel cell also includes a membrane having first and second sides positioned between the anode and cathode sides. The fuel cell further includes an intercalation host situated in the anode and/or cathode sides. The intercalation host is configured to intercalate metal ions formed from the first and/or second metal materials.

Abstract: A battery management system includes a memory, a current sensor that measures a current flow through a battery to a load, a voltage sensor that measures a voltage level between a first terminal and a second terminal of the battery that are each connected to the load, and the memory, a temperature sensor that measures a temperature level of the battery; and a controller configured to be operatively connected to the current sensor, temperature sensor, and voltage sensor. The controller is configured to receive a measurement of a first current level and a first voltage level and utilize a corrected capacity and corrected open circuit voltage estimate to output an estimated open circuit voltage of the battery as compared to an estimated capacity.

Abstract: A solid state electrolyte material including a decontaminated lithium conducting ceramic oxide material including a decontaminated surface thickness. The decontaminated surface thickness is less than or equal to 5 nm. The decontaminated surface thickness may be greater than or equal to 1 nm. The decontaminated lithium conducting ceramic oxide material may be selected from the group consisting of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), Li5La3Ta2O12 (LLTO), Li6La2CaTa2O12 (LLCTO), Li6La2ANb2O12 (A is Ca or Sr), Li1+xAlxGe2-x(PO4)3 (LAGP), Li14Al0.4(Ge2-xTix)1.6(PO4)3 (LAGTP), perovskite Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3 (LLTO), Li0.8La0.6Zr2(PO4)3 (LLZP), Li1+xTi2-xAlx(PO4)3 (LTAP), Li1+x+yTi2-xAlxSiy(PO4)3-y (LTASP), LiTixZr2-x(PO4)3 (LTZP), Li2Nd3TeSbO12 and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for generating battery characteristics for a battery having a target composition includes identifying open-circuit potential (OCP) characteristics for two similar battery compositions having different proportions of elements. The OCP characteristics are converted to dQ/dV characteristics and linearly combined to derived a target dQ/dV characteristic. The target dQ/dV characteristic is integrated to derived a target OCP characteristic. A battery constructed of the target composition is operated according to the target OCP characteristic.

Abstract: A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly including a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and first and second electrodes. The PEM is situated between the first and second electrodes. The first electrode includes a first catalyst material layer including a first catalyst material and having first and second surfaces. The first electrode includes first and second material layers adjacent to the first and second surfaces, respectively, of the first catalyst material. The first material layer faces away from the PEM and the second material layer faces the PEM. The first material layer comprises a graphene-based material layer having a number of defects configured to mitigate dissolution of the first catalyst material through the first material layer.

Abstract: A method of decontaminating a lithium conducting ceramic oxide material. The method includes soaking the lithium conducting ceramic oxide material having a first thickness of surface contaminants in a first organic solvent containing an inorganic salt at an inorganic salt concentration to obtain a soaked lithium conducting ceramic oxide material. The method further includes rinsing the soaked lithium conducting ceramic oxide material in a second organic solvent to obtain a decontaminated lithium conducting ceramic oxide material having a second thickness of surface contaminants less than the first thickness of surface contaminants.