Abstract: A method for ascertaining a clamping force of a braking unit of a motor vehicle, which includes at least one rotatably mounted wheel and a braking system including at least one braking unit and at least one electric motor. The electric motor includes a motor winding and a rotatably mounted rotor. The rotor is coupled with the brake body so that a clamping force may be generated by a rotation of the rotor, by which a brake body is pressed against a brake element. A rotation angle of the rotor and/or a displacement travel of a displaceably mounted element of the transmission unit is ascertained, and a level of the generated clamping force is ascertained as a function thereof. A level of the clamping force is ascertained as a function of the level of a motor current.

Abstract: A heating and cooling apparatus for a battery may include a base plate in which at least one fluid path for flowing-through of at least one of a coolant and a refrigerant is provided. At least one support part may be provided, in which in each case at least one electrical heating element is provided that is thermally coupled to the base plate. The heating and cooling apparatus may include a cover plate. The base plate, the at least one support part and the cover plate may be arranged adjacent to one another along a stack direction.

Abstract: A heating and cooling apparatus for a battery may include a base plate in which at least one fluid path for flowing-through of at least one of a coolant and a refrigerant is provided. At least one support part may be provided, in which in each case at least one electrical heating element is provided that is thermally coupled to the base plate. The heating and cooling apparatus may include a cover plate. The base plate, the at least one support part and the cover plate may be arranged adjacent to one another along a stack direction.