Abstract: In a binocular ophthalmoscope for indirect observation of an eye to be examined, having an observation unit and an illumination unit connected to the observation unit, wherein the observation unit deflects two closely spaced converging observation beams defining an observation plane with two first and two second mirrors to increase the beam spacing to the interpupillary distance of the observer's eyes. The two first mirrors are mounted closely together between the two second mirrors in a wedge and wherein the illumination unit includes a light source and a third mirror at the emergent side thereof which directs the light issuing from said light source along an illumination beam to the eye to be examined.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing twilight vision and blinding sensitivity includes a housing having openings in opposite sides thereof, a person to be tested being able to look through the housing along a line of sight extending through both openings. A filter is provided for one of the openings to limit external light entering such opening. A concave mirror is arranged in the housing with its optical axis normal to the line of sight, and a semi-transparent mirror is arranged at the intersection of and at 45.degree. angles with respect to the line of sight and the mirror optical axis. A screen arranged at the focal point of the mirror is simultaneously illuminated by two projectors, a test figure being arranged in the beam of one projector and the light intensities of the two projectors being inversely proportionally controlled. Two filters are provided which can each be inserted in the beam of a respective one of the projectors to further reduce the light intensity.