Abstract: A process wherein primary air supplied to the combustion bed through the thrust combustion grate is deflected after exiting from a surface of the thrust combustion grate by deflector elements mounted on the surface of the thrust combustion grate. The grate required for this purpose has grate plates made from a permeable hollow element with connection pieces for supplying and draining cooling water, with primary air supply ducts that run through the grate plate from a bottom to a top. Deflector elements against which the primary air exiting the outlet is intended to impact, are disposed over openings of the primary air supply ducts.

Abstract: A thrust combustion grate for burning refuse having altemately stationary (5) and movable (6) hollow grate plates (5,6) in a stairway formation, that rest on each other with their front underedge. The grate plates extend across the entire width of the grateway. The movable grate plates (6) are each driven by a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit (18,19). To the sides, the grateway is limited by panels of water-cooled conduits (8,9), which, in the longitudinal direction, each consist of at least two sections sealingly flanged together. The panels are rigidly screwed to each other by a plurality of horizontally disposed distancing bars (3,4) running perpendicular thereto. Running between the panels are two additional conduits (10,11) flanged together in the same way, for feeding primary air and cooling water, which are fixed to certain individual distancing bars (3,4).

Abstract: A process for burning solids on a sliding fire grate system where each of the combustion control criteria are measured and controlled individually for each grate plate comprising the grate system.

Abstract: A process wherein an incineration grate is tempered by a medium that flows therethrough. The grate has a number of hollow plates made of sheet metal. Each plate lies on the next underlying plate. A connection pipe is arranged on one side of each plate and a discharge pipe is arranged on the other side of each plate for the flowing medium. The individual plates are crossed by a plurality of tubular elements which open on the top side of the plates. Primary air is supplied to the materials to be incinerated through the tubular elements. Primary air supply is individually dosed to each tubular element.

Abstract: Two rolls which carry roll teeth rotate, as seen from their top side, in directions away from their common roll nip or gap towards adjacent hopper wall sections which carry hopper teeth. The refuse is thus loosened instead of being compacted in the common roll nip or gap, as in the prior art. The loosened material is more readily cut than the material which hitherto was compacted in the common roll gap. At a predetermined limiting load between the roll teeth and the hopper teeth, at least the hopper wall section which carries the affected hopper teeth, is retracted from the associated roll by a drive and from its operative position depicted on the right in FIG. 2 into an inoperative position depicted on the left in FIG. 2. The interfering material can fall through downwardly, whereupon the hopper wall section returns towards the associated roll into its operative position. No hopper blockage can occur.