Abstract: Described are optical isomers of (+) &dgr;-decalactone and (+) &dgr;-dodecalactone which impart, augment and/or enhance the aroma and/or taste of consumable materials including foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, beverages, fragrance compositions, colognes and perfumed articles such as solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softeners and hair preparations. The optical isomers are produced by means of a two-phase, environmentally friendly fermentation process for producing high yields of (+) &dgr;-decalactone and (+) &dgr;-dodecalactone from the corresponding unsaturated starting materials. The (+) &dgr;-decalactone substantially has the structure: with a very minor amount of isomer having the structure: and an optical rotation of +53.64° ((&agr;D20=+53·64° ) ). The (+) &dgr;-decalactone, which is the subject of the invention, has an enantiomeric excess percent of 95.

Abstract: A two phase environmentally friendly fermentation process for producing high yields of .delta.-decalactone and .delta.-dodecalactone from the corresponding unsaturated starting materials is carried out under oxidative growth conditions using a Saccharomyces species. The resulting products impart, augment and/or enhance the aroma and/or taste of consumable materials including foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, beverages, fragrance compositions, colognes and perfumed articles such as solid or liquid, anionic, cationic, non-ionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softeners, and hair preparations.

Abstract: A controlled release container includes an outer shell and a separately produced core that comprises at least one bioactive molecule. At least a portion of the outer shell comprises a biodegradable polymeric material that has a predetermined rate of degradation. The outer shell preferably is non-porous and provides a predetermined delay of at least two days from administration of the capsule before release of the active ingredient.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of compositions of matter containing octalactones defined according to the structure: ##STR1## which includes the stereoisomers having the structures: ##STR2## by means of the sequential steps of (i) fermentation of caprylic acid or the ethyl ester of caprylic acid defined according to the generic structure: ##STR3## wherein R is hydrogen or ethyl using a microorganism selected from the group consisting of:Mortierella ramanniana var. ramanniana--CBS 112.08Mortierella ramanniana var. ramanniana--CBS 478.

Abstract: Described is a microbiological method for producing the lactone, sclareolide having the structure: ##STR1## and a diol having the chemical structure: ##STR2## using a sclareol derivative having one of the structures: ##STR3## wherein a combination of two or more of the compounds as a substrate and using one of the microorganisms:Cryptococcus albidus, ATCC 20918Bensingtonia ciliata, ATCC 20919Cryptococcus laurentii, ATCC 20920 orCryptococcus albidus, ATCC 20921.

Abstract: Described are smoking tobacco compositions comprising smoking tobacco and intimately admixed therewith an aroma or taste augmenting, enhancing or imparting quantity of a tricyclic ether-substituted acetic acid having the structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of compositions of matter containing octalactones defined according to the structure: ##STR1## which includes the stereoisomers having the structures: ##STR2## by means of the sequential steps of (i) fermentation of caprylic acid or the ethyl ester of caprylic acid defined according to the generic structure: ##STR3## wherein R is hydrogen or ethyl using a microorganism selected from the group consisting of:Mortierella isabellina, ATCC 44583;Mortierella isabellina, ATCC 38063;Syncephalastrum racemosum, NRRL A-5889;Mortierella isabellina, IFO 7884;Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora, IFO 8187;Mortierella isabellina, CBS 221.

Abstract: Described is a microbiological method for producing the cyclic ether having the chemical structure: ##STR1## using a sclareol derivative having one of the structures: ##STR2## and using the microorganism: Cryptococcus laurentii, ATCC 20920.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of compositions of matter containing octalactones defined according to the structure: ##STR1## which includes the stereoisomers having the structures: ##STR2## by means of the sequential steps of (i) fermentation of caprylic acid or the ethyl ester of caprylic acid defined according to the generic structure: ##STR3## wherein R is hydrogen or ethyl using a microorganism selected from the group consisting of:Mortierella isabellina, ATCC 44583;Mortierella isabellina, ATCC 38063;Syncephalastrum racemosum, NRRL A-5889;Mortierella isabellina, IFO 7884;Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora, IFO 8187;Mortierella isabellina, CBS 221.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of compositions of matter containing unsaturated lactones defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl; and X represents C.sub.2, C.sub.4 or C.sub.6 alkylene or alkenylene; with the provisos that R is C.sub.6 alkyl when X is alkenylene and R is C.sub.6 alkenyl when X is alkylene by means of the sequential steps of (i) fermentation of castor oil or ricinoleic acid using a microorganism selected from the group consisting of:Candida petrophilum, ATCC 20226;Candida oleophila, ATCC 20177;Candida sp., ATCC 20504; andCandida sake, ATCC 28137whereby gamma hydroxydecanoic acid and a mixture of other acids defined according to the generic structure: ##STR2## is formed wherein Y represents an oxo-saturated, oxo-unsaturated or di-unsaturated C.sub.9, C.sub.11 or C.sub.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of compositions of matter containing unsaturated lactones defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl; and X represents C.sub.2, C.sub.4 or C.sub.6 alkylene or alkenylene; with the provisos that R is C.sub.6 alkyl when X is alkenylene and R is C.sub.6 alkenyl when X is alkylene by means of the sequential steps of (i) fermentation of castor oil or ricinoleic acid using a microorganism selected from the group consisting of:Candida petrophilum, ATCC 20226;Candida oleophila, ATCC 20177;Candida sp., ATCC 20504; andCandida sake, ATCC 28137whereby gamma hydroxydecanoic acid and a mixture of other acids defined according to the generic structure: ##STR2## is formed wherein Y represents an oxo-saturated, oxo-unsaturated or di-unsaturated C.sub.9, C.sub.11 or C.sub.

Abstract: Described is a microbilogical method for producing the lactone, sclareolide and a diol having the chemical structure: ##STR1## using sclareol having the structure: ##STR2## as a substrate and using one of the microorganisms: Cryptococcus albidus (saito [skinner var. albidus]), ATCC 20918Bensingtonia ciliata, ATCC 20919Cryptococcus laurentii, ATCC 20920Cryptococcus albidus, ATCC 20921.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of compositions of matter containing unsaturated lactones defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl; and X represents C.sub.2, C.sub.4 or C.sub.6 alkylene or alkenylene; with the provisos that R is C.sub.6 alkyl when X is alkenylene and R is C.sub.6 alkenyl when X is alkylene by means of the sequential steps of (i) fermentation of castor oil or ricinoleic acid using a microorganism selected from the group consisting of:Candida petrophilum, ATCC 20226;Candida oleophila, ATCC 20177;Candida sp., ATCC 20504; andCandida sake, ATCC 28137whereby gamma hydroxydecanoic acid and a mixture of other acids defined according to the generic structure: ##STR2## is formed wherein Y represents an oxo-saturated, oxo-unsaturated or di-unsaturated C.sub.9, C.sub.11 or C.sub.

Abstract: A back incline indicator (10) employs a mercury switch (44) and a beeper (72) to indicate to a user (24) whenever the back of the user (24) is bent beyond an acceptable limit, .lambda.crit. The mercury switch (44) and beeper (72) are attached to a casing (38) including a plate (28A) that is parallel to the back of the user (24). The casing (38) is connected by a connector (14) to the shirt collar of the user (24). The mercury switch (44) is set to an angle .theta. from the plate (28A). The value of .theta. determines how much the user's back may be bent before .lambda.crit is reached. The value of .theta. may be set to different amounts as the desired value of .lambda.crit may vary with different uses of the back incline indicator (10).

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of compositions of matter containing unsaturated lactones defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl; and X represents C.sub.2, C.sub.4 or C.sub.6 alkylene or alkenylene; with the provisos that R is C.sub.6 alkyl when X is alkenylene and R is C.sub.6 alkenyl when X is alkylene by means of the sequential steps of (i) fermentation of castor oil or ricinoleic acid using a microorganism selected from the group consisting of:Candida petrophilum, ATCC 20226;Candida oleophila, ATCC 20177;Candida sp., ATCC 20504; andCandida sake, ATCC 28137whereby gamma hydroxydecanoic acid and a mixture of other acids defined according to the generic structure: ##STR2## is formed wherein Y represents an oxo-saturated, oxo-unsaturated or di-unsaturated C.sub.9, C.sub.11 or C.sub.

Abstract: The personal security system transmits a picture of an object, such as a criminal suspect, and the identification of a portable transmitter, such as the social security number of the user, to a receiver at a remote location. Time of transmission is recorded. If a crime occurs, the time, picture of the suspect, and identification of the victim are obtained from a recorder at the receiver. A potential victim of a crime points his portable personal security unit at a criminal suspect and presses an activating switch. The unit senses available light on the object and provides a flash if required. At the same time focusing an aperture control is performed and an image of the object is admitted to an image recorder which is a focal plane sensor array. Image data from the focal plane sensor array is processed in an image data processor and the processed image data is fed to a cellular communication transmitter for transmitting to the remote receiving station.

Abstract: Discribed is a process for the preparation of C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkyl esters of C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 carboxylic acids defined according to the structure: ##STR1## by means of fermentation of one or more C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 amino acids defined according to the structure: ##STR2## in the presence of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alcohol according to the reaction: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represents methyl and wherein R represents C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkyl and wherein R is the same as R'. Also described are the products produced according to such process as well as their organoleptic utilities for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials selected from the group consisting of perfume compositions, colognes, perfumed articles, foodstuffs, chewing gums, medicinal products, toothpastes, chewing tobaccos and smoking tobaccos.

Abstract: Described is a process for the preparation of C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkyl esters of C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 carboxylic acids defined according to the structure: ##STR1## by means of fermentation of one or more C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 amino acids defined according to the structure: ##STR2## in the presence of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alcohol according to the reaction: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represents methyl and wherein R represents C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkyl and wherein R is the same as R'. Also described are the products produced according to such process as well as their organoleptic utilities for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of consumable materials selected from the group consisting of perfume compositions, colognes, perfumed articles, foodstuffs, chewing gums, medicinal products, toothpaste, chewing tobaccos and smoking tobaccos.

Abstract: A pressure-actuated switch mounted in the handle of a self-inking stamper is actuated by a stationary plunger assembly which extends into the handle and pressures the switch when the stamp element is moved into contact with a surface being marked. Actuation of the switch advances a counting circuit remotely located inside the lid of a lockable box. A circuit times the stamp element in the stamping position to avoid multiple markings on a single count.

Abstract: Monellin, an intensely sweet polypeptide, substantially free from carbohydrate, is described. Monellin is the pure proteinaceous principle of the fruit Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii, having a molecular weight of approximately 11,000, an isoelectric point of 9.3, and an ultraviolet absorption maximum (.lambda. max) of 277 nm. A process for the production of monellin is described which includes the steps of extracting the fruit with an aqueous medium, separating the extract into a carbohydrate containing fraction and a proteinaceous fraction substantially free from carbohydrate, and recovering the proteinaceous fraction substantially free from carbohydrate.