Abstract: An optical device includes a first semiconductor substrate, a reference laser configured to generate coherent light, a plurality of first optical components, a plurality of second optical components, one or more first controllers configured to apply phase control signals to said plurality of first optical components to apply a phase shift, and one or more second controllers configured to apply pulse control signals to said plurality of second optical components such that a light pulse is outputted during a period of time that coherent light is received. The relative phase between emitted light pulses from the plurality of second optical components is controlled by the relative phase shifts applied by the one or more first controllers.

Abstract: An optical module includes: a quantum photonic integrated circuit; a temperature controller; and a housing configured to house the photonic integrated circuit and the temperature controller. The photonic integrated circuit is attached to the temperature controller, such that the photonic integrated circuit is in thermal communication with the temperature controller, and the temperature controller is attached directly to the housing, such that the temperature controller is in direct thermal communication with the housing.

Abstract: A system for generating a biased random bit stream, wherein said biased bit stream has different predetermined probabilities of occurrence for bit “0” and bit “1”, said system comprising: a true random generator unit configured to output a true random bit stream, a pseudo random generator unit configured to output a pseudo random bit stream, said pseudo random bit stream comprising n bit words, where n is an integer of at least two; a combining unit configured to combine a bit from said true random generator unit with an n-bit word from said pseudo random generator unit to output a processed n-bit word; and an output unit configured to generate an output bit value from said processed n-bit word using a function, wherein said function is selected to control the probabilities of occurrence of the bit “0” values and bit “1” values to be the predetermined probabilities of occurrence.

Abstract: A method for using a photon source, which includes a semiconductor structure having a first light emitting diode region, a second region including a quantum dot, a first voltage source, and a second voltage source, is provided. The method includes steps of applying an electric field across said first light emitting diode region to cause light emission by spontaneous emission, wherein the light emitted from said first light emitting diode region is absorbed in said second region and produces carriers to populate said quantum dot; and applying a tuneable electric field across said second region to control the emission energy of said quantum dot, wherein the light emitted from the second region exits said photon source.

Abstract: An optical source including: a phase-randomised light source including a master light source configured to intermittently generate master light pulses; a slave light source optically coupled to the master light source and configured to receive the master light pulses, and that generates a sequence of slave light pulses during each period of time that a master light pulse is received; and an interferometer optically coupled to the slave light source and configured to receive sequences of slave light pulses, delay the received sequences by the first time interval to form delayed sequences of slave light pulses, interfere the received sequences with the delayed sequences, such that pulses from a received sequence interfere with adjacent pulses of the delayed sequence, and output interfered pulses including first and second output pulses that have a first and second predetermined amplitude respectively and a predetermined relative phase between them.

Abstract: A method of exchanging a combined cryptographic key between a first node and a second node, the first node and the second node being connected through a first communication and a second communication network, wherein the first communication network is a quantum communication network wherein information is encoded on weak light pulses; and the first node and the second node being configured to: exchange one or more first cryptographic keys on the first communication network; exchange one or more second cryptographic keys using the second communication network; and form the combined cryptographic key by combining the one or more first cryptographic keys and the one or more second cryptographic keys, such that the first node and the second node share knowledge of the combined cryptographic key.

Abstract: An optical source comprising: a phase-randomised light source, the phase randomised light source further comprising: a master light source configured to intermittently generate master light pulses, wherein the phase of each generated master light pulse has a random relationship with the phase of each subsequently generated master light pulse, and wherein a first control signal is applicable to the master light source such that the master light source intermittently generates master light pulses, wherein the first control signal comprises a first and a second modulation feature in the period of time that one master light pulse is generated, wherein each phase modulation feature comprises a perturbation in the control signal applied to the master light source; a slave light source, wherein the slave light source is optically coupled to the master light source and is configured to receive master light pulses, and wherein a second control signal is applicable to the slave light source to cause the slave light so

Abstract: An optical system comprising a first emitter and a receiver, said first emitter comprising an encoding unit configured to encode information using phase on a first optical information signal, said first information signal having a single first wavelength, said emitter being configured to output a reference signal, said reference signal having a reference wavelength which is different to the first wavelength, the emitter further comprising a multiplexer configured to multiplex the first information signal and the reference signal to produce a multiplexed first signal and output the multiplexed first signal to a communication channel said receiver comprising: a de-multiplexer configured to de-multiplex the multiplexed first signal received from the emitter to extract the first information signal and the reference signal; a decoder configured to decode the phase information in the first information signal; and a phase compensation unit configured to estimate the phase change of the first information signal c

Abstract: A method of exchanging a combined cryptographic key between a first node and a second node, the first node and the second node being connected through a first communication and a second communication network, wherein the first communication network is a quantum communication network wherein information is encoded on weak light pulses; and the first node and the second node being configured to: exchange one or more first cryptographic keys on the first communication network; exchange one or more second cryptographic keys using the second communication network; and form the combined cryptographic key by combining the one or more first cryptographic keys and the one or more second cryptographic keys, such that the first node and the second node share knowledge of the combined cryptographic key.

Abstract: A photon detection device and method of fabricating a photon detection device are provided. The photon detection device comprises a first input terminal for receiving a DC input voltage, a second input terminal for receiving an AC input voltage and a bias tee connected to the first and second input terminals and configured to combine the AC and DC input voltages to form a combined voltage on an output of the bias tee. A first single photon detector is connected to the output of the bias tee and configured to receive the combined voltage from the bias tee, register a detection signal based on only a single photon being incident on the first single photon detector and output the detection signal indicative of the detected photon. A first output terminal is connected to an output of the first single photon detector for outputting the detection signal. The photon detection device is formed in a single integrated circuit.

Abstract: A plyometric exercise ladder. A frame has two, spaced-apart, upright posts. A fixed arm is mounted to each upright post, each fixed arm being adjustable along the length of the frame. A removable pull-up bar is supported by the fixed arms. Two spring-loaded arms disposed above the fixed arms are pivotally mounted to the upright posts of the frame. An electromagnet is connected to each spring-loaded arm for initiating movement. A freestanding bracket having at least one scissor arm is connected to the frame and to a wall or other solid structure to support the ladder. In place of the spring-loaded arms and electromagnet, a set of pegs can be removably placed along the length of the upright posts for retaining the pull-up bar as an athlete progresses upwardly. The ladder frame itself can be replaced with a skeletal frame when the ladder is used in conjunction with a conventional squat rack.

Abstract: An investigative system, comprising: an emitter, said emitter being adapted to output a plurality of pulses, said plurality of pulses being arranged in a first temporal pattern; a receiver adapted to receive said plurality of pulses; and a correlator adapted to correlate the first pattern with the received plurality of pulses to output a correlated pattern.

Abstract: A method for using a photon source, which includes a semiconductor structure having a first light emitting diode region, a second region including a quantum dot, a first voltage source, and a second voltage source, is provided. The method includes steps of applying an electric field across said first light emitting diode region to cause light emission by spontaneous emission, wherein the light emitted from said first light emitting diode region is absorbed in said second region and produces carriers to populate said quantum dot; and applying a tuneable electric field across said second region to control the emission energy of said quantum dot, wherein the light emitted from the second region exits said photon source.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an input signal, the apparatus comprising: a first light source configured to output a sequence of pulses of light, wherein there is a random relationship between the phase of the pulses; a beam splitter having first and second inputs and first and second outputs, said first input being arranged to receive light pulses from said first light source and the second input being arranged to receive said input signal; a differencing circuit adapted to subtract signals obtained from the first and second outputs from each other; and output a value; and a processing circuit adapted to estimate the minimum entropy of said input signal, from the output of the differencing circuit corresponding to a sequence of said light pulses from the first light source.

Abstract: A method of exchanging a combined cryptographic key between a first node and a second node, the first node and the second node being connected through a first communication and a second communication network, wherein the first communication network is a quantum communication network wherein information is encoded on weak light pulses; and the first node and the second node being configured to: exchange one or more first cryptographic keys on the first communication network; exchange one or more second cryptographic keys using the second communication network; and form the combined cryptographic key by combining the one or more first cryptographic keys and the one or more second cryptographic keys, such that the first node and the second node share knowledge of the combined cryptographic key.

Abstract: A photon detection device and method of fabricating a photon detection device are provided. The photon detection device comprises a first input terminal for receiving a DC input voltage, a second input terminal for receiving an AC input voltage and a bias tee connected to the first and second input terminals and configured to combine the AC and DC input voltages to form a combined voltage on an output of the bias tee. A first single photon detector is connected to the output of the bias tee and configured to receive the combined voltage from the bias tee, register a detection signal based on only a single photon being incident on the first single photon detector and output the detection signal indicative of the detected photon. A first output terminal is connected to an output of the first single photon detector for outputting the detection signal. The photon detection device is formed in a single integrated circuit.

Abstract: A plyometric exercise ladder. A frame has two, spaced-apart, upright posts. A fixed arm is mounted to each upright post, each fixed arm being adjustable along the length of the frame. A removable pull-up bar is supported by the fixed arms. Two spring-loaded arms disposed above the fixed arms are pivotally mounted to the upright posts of the frame. An electromagnet is connected to each spring-loaded arm for initiating movement. A freestanding bracket having at least one scissor arm is connected to the frame and to a wall or other solid structure to support the ladder. In place of the spring-loaded arms and electromagnet, a set of pegs can be removably placed along the length of the upright posts for retaining the pull-up bar as an athlete progresses upwardly. The ladder frame itself can be replaced with a skeletal frame when the ladder is used in conjunction with a conventional squat rack.

Abstract: A photon detection device and method of fabricating a photon detection device are provided. The photon detection device comprises a first input terminal for receiving a DC input voltage, a second input terminal for receiving an AC input voltage and a bias tee connected to the first and second input terminals and configured to combine the AC and DC input voltages to form a combined voltage on an output of the bias tee. A first single photon detector is connected to the output of the bias tee and configured to receive the combined voltage from the bias tee, register a detection signal based on only a single photon being incident on the first single photon detector and output the detection signal indicative of the detected photon. A first output terminal is connected to an output of the first single photon detector for outputting the detection signal. The photon detection device is formed in a single integrated circuit.

Abstract: An investigative system, comprising: an emitter, said emitter being adapted to output a plurality of pulses, said plurality of pulses being arranged in a first temporal pattern; a receiver adapted to receive said plurality of pulses; and a correlator adapted to correlate the first pattern with the received plurality of pulses to output a correlated pattern.

Abstract: An optical device, comprising: a first semiconductor substrate; a reference laser, configured to generate coherent light; a plurality of first optical components, wherein the reference laser is optically coupled to the plurality of first optical components, wherein each of the plurality of first optical components is configured to output coherent light during a period of time that coherent light from the reference laser is received; a plurality of second optical components, the second optical components configured to produce optical intensity modulation, wherein each of the plurality of first optical components is optically coupled to at least one corresponding second optical component; wherein the plurality of first optical components each comprises a laser, an optical amplifier or a phase modulator, and the plurality of second optical components each comprises a laser, an optical amplifier or an intensity modulator, and wherein when a first optical component comprises a laser or an optical amplifier the