Abstract: A downhill ski boot (10) includes an inner shell (14) that is secured within a substantially rigid outer shell (12). The outer shell has a base (18) and an ankle cuff (20). The base includes a sidewall portion (24) having medial and lateral sides, with a longitudinal gap (32) being defined therebetween which exposes the inner shell. The inner shell also receives a removable liner (16). The outer shell may be secured by fasteners to closely conform the inner shell and liner about the foot. The ankle cuff and base are reinforced by a segmented strut to aid in transfer of force from the lower leg to the ski.

Abstract: A skate wheel and method of making the same are provided. The skate wheel includes multiple materials of differing durometers disposed on an inner hub. First, a solid or microcellular urethane is seated on an outer rim of the hub in a ring configuration around the rim. A urethane tire material surrounds the ring. The outer tire material is constructed preferably of a urethane that is more durable and harder than the ring. The ring is made of a highly resilient urethane for high speed. A wheel also is provided with energy absorption to counter rough road surfaces with less loss of energy by the skater, while increasing the traction of the skate wheel on the surface. A method is also provided of making a wheel by pouring differing resins into a mold and either spinning or separating the resins while allowing their interfaces to cure together for bonding therebetween.

Abstract: A board, such as a ski or snowboard, that includes a piezoelectric damper. A sensor such as a piece of piezoelectric material is located on the body of the board such that, as the board vibrates or deforms, the piezoelectric sensor is also deformed. As the piezoelectric sensor deforms, it produces an electrical signal that is provided to a control circuit. The control circuit receives the electrical signal and generates a control signal of proportional amplitude and frequency, but an inverse waveform to the sensed vibration. The control signal causes a piezoelectric damper to stiffen and resist deformation of the board, thus damping the vibration. The sensed signal may also be stored within a memory device and subsequently downloaded to provide a skier profile for analysis.

Abstract: A golf club shaft (10) incorporating a piezoelectric device (12) which, upon deflection or deformation of the golf club shaft (10) caused by swinging of the golf club shaft, selectively stiffens a section of the golf club shaft. The piezoelectric device (12), includes a sensor (24) located along the golf club shaft (10) and configured such as to produce an electrical signal upon flexing of the golf club shaft. A piezoelectric stiffener (22) is electrically connected to the sensor (24), is located along the golf club shaft (10), and is designed to mechanically deform as a result of receiving the electrical signal from the sensor (24). The mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric stiffener (22) causes a corresponding deformation of the golf club shaft (10).

Abstract: A shock absorber for a vehicle includes a fluid-filled cylinder having a closed end, a shaft extending partially into the cylinder, a valve attached to the first end of the shaft, and a power supply. The valve includes a valve piston and a bender. The valve piston includes at least one orifice extending therethrough. The bender is seated adjacent the orifice in the piston. The bender includes a piezoelectric material embedded therein. The piezoelectric material includes sides with conductive material disposed thereon. The power supply is attached to the conductive material across the piezoelectric material in the bender to apply a voltage across the piezoelectric material to change the stiffness of the bender. A sensor is also included for monitoring the displacement and velocity of the piston within the fluid-filled cylinder. The biasing force on the bender is changed on sensor readings according to predetermined logic sequence.

Abstract: A board, such as a ski or snowboard, that includes a piezoelectric damper. The piezoelectric damper is located on the body of the board such that, as the board vibrates or deforms, the piezoelectric material is also deformed. As the piezoelectric material deforms, it produces an electrical signal that is provided to a control circuit. The control circuit receives the electrical signal and either provides a resistance to the electrical signal or provides a control signal to the piezoelectric material. The resulting resistance or control signal causes the piezoelectric material to resist the deformation of the board, thus acting as a damper. The piezoelectric damper may be located between the bindings on the board, or may be located in front of the forward binding, behind the aft binding, or in more than one location. In the preferred embodiment, the piezoelectric damper is formed of one or more layers of piezoelectric material on which an electrical grid has been mounted.