Abstract: A distribution host may receive an electronic document from a sender device that includes content distribution designations. Based on the content distribution designations, the distribution host may determine that a portion of the electronic document is designated for distribution to multiple recipients. The distribution host may further determine that an additional portion of the electronic document is designated for distribution to a particular recipient of the multiple recipients. Accordingly, the distribution host may distribute the portion as a version of the electronic document to the recipient devices of one or more recipients that does not include the particular recipient. Further, the distribution host may distribute the portion and the additional portion as an additional version of the electronic document exclusively to a recipient device of the particular recipient.

Abstract: The tilted relationship between the reference and test mirrors (24,26) of a Fizeau interferometer is used to spatially separate the reflections (R,T) from the two surfaces. The separate beams (R,T) are filtered through a spatial polarization element (32) that provides different states of polarization to the beams. The beams (R,T) are subsequently recombined to form a substantially collinear beam that is processed using a spatial-phase-shift interferometer (44) that permits quantitative phase measurement in a single video frame. Alternatively, two beams (104,106) with orthogonal polarization are injected into the Fizeau cavity (20) at different angles, such that after reflection from the reference and test optics (24,26) they are substantially collinear. Unwanted reflections are blocked at the focal plane through the use of a circular aperture (112).

Abstract: A polarizing point-diffraction plate is used to produce common-path test and reference wavefronts with mutually orthogonal polarizations from an input wavefront. The common-path test and reference wavefronts are collimated, phase shifted and interfered, and the resulting interferograms are imaged on a detector. The interference patterns are then processed using conventional algorithms to characterize the input light wavefront.

Abstract: A phase-difference sensor measures the spatially resolved difference in phase between orthogonally polarized reference and test wavefronts. The sensor is constructed as a pixelated phase-mask aligned to and imaged on a pixelated detector array. Each adjacent pixel of the phase-mask measures a predetermined relative phase shift between the orthogonally polarized reference and test beams. Thus, multiple phase-shifted interferograms can be synthesized at the same time by combining pixels with identical phase-shifts. The multiple phase-shifted interferograms can be combined to calculate standard parameters such as modulation index or average phase step. Any configuration of interferometer that produces orthogonally polarized reference and object beams may be combined with the phase-difference sensor of the invention to provide, single-shot, simultaneous phase-shifting measurements.

Abstract: The tilted relationship between the reference and test mirrors of a Fizeau interferometer is used to spatially separate the reflections from the two surfaces. The separate beams are filtered through a spatial polarization element that provides different states of polarization to the beams. The beams are subsequently recombined to form a substantially collinear beam that is processed using a spatial-phase-shift interferometer that permits quantitative phase measurement in a single video frame. Alternatively, two beams with orthogonal polarization are injected into the Fizeau cavity at different angles, such that after reflection from the reference and test optics they are substantially collinear. Unwanted reflections are blocked at the focal plane through the use of a circular aperture. Short coherence length light and a delay line may be used to mitigate stray reflections, reduce measurement integration times, and implement temporal phase averaging.

Abstract: An incontinence diaper having a front section, a back section and a crotch section joining the front and back panels. Fasteners are provided on the upper corners of the front and rear sections for use in joining them together to don the diaper. An absorbent pad is detachably mounted on the inner surface of the front section in the male genital covering area to absorb involuntary urinary discharge. An opening is provided in the front section of the diaper in the male genital covering area. The opening is normally covered by the pad. Moving the pad to uncover the opening allows the diaper wearer to normally urinate through the opening. The opening is preferably shaped to allow a portion of the absorbent pad to be pulled out through the opening to be out of the way during urination.

Abstract: A bathroom tissue dispenser with a top and bottom tissue roll holder, has fixed spindles and a lockable hinged enclosure over the top spindle. The enclosure makes it difficult to remove sheets from the top roll until the bottom roll has been depleted. The dispenser has a rigid construction and is less prone to damage than existing dispensers.

Abstract: A dispensing package comprising a stack of folded, interleaved paper towels and a plastic wrapper enclosing the stack of towels. A dispensing slit is provided in the wrapper through which the towels are manually dispensed one at a time. Each towel pulls the next towel part-way out of the wrapper through the slit. A layer of adhesive, on the outer surface of the wrapper adjacent the slit, holds each next towel in its partly withdrawn position, ready for use.