Abstract: Apparatus and processes are provided for combusting hydrocarbon-containing waste fuel with an oxidizer, preferably liquid oxygen, and producing a substantially clean exhaust gas and a separate high purity steam product (e.g., superheated steam) that can be used to generate electrical power. The apparatus includes a plurality of combustion chambers in series with means to control the combustion temperature while facilitating complete combustion. The apparatus and method are useful for transforming waste materials, particularly solid and liquid wastes, such as the rubber from scrap tires into non-hazardous materials and energy.

Abstract: The invention provides processes and apparatuses for safely, rapidly, cost-effectively and efficiently producing a superheated steam. These processes and apparatuses involve the combustion of one or more fuels containing the element hydrogen, the element carbon or the elements hydrogen and carbon. One or more of the combustion reactions are incomplete combustion reactions, and another combustion is a complete combustion reaction. Water that circulates around one or more combustion chambers and areas, but that does not enter into the combustion chambers or areas becomes converted into a high purity superheated steam product or dry saturated steam product containing superheated steam.