Abstract: A loudness balancing process includes three operations. In a first operation, the user specifies a plurality of digitally sampled audio time domain waveforms and an adjusted maximum loudness for each waveform is generated and stored. This operation includes a retrieve and filter process that identifies a portion of each waveform with a maximum loudness, and an adjust and store process that generates an adjusted maximum loudness that is a maximum loudness for the waveform which is free of audible distortion due to clipping. In a second operation, each stored adjusted maximum loudness is retrieved and filtered. The filtering selects a minimum adjusted maximum loudness that is selected as a global maximum loudness. In a third operation, each waveform in the plurality of waveforms is loudness-balanced based on the global maximum loudness. This three step process assures a consistent maximum loudness across the plurality of waveforms and assures that no audible noise is introduced by loudness balancing process.

Abstract: A color information storage and processing system including a converter adapted to translate red, green and blue values of a color into an achromatic dimension and two chromatic dimensions. The red, green and blue values are processed to provide chromatic dimensions which are independent from one another and completely decoupled from the achromatic dimension. The color information storage and processing system stores the achromatic and chromatic dimensions and performs image processing utilizing the stored dimensions. A decoder translates the achromatic and chromatic dimensions back into red, green and blue values for use in the operation of a color monitor.

Abstract: A hand held, one dimensional, torque feedback device is used to feel and manipulate computer generated visual information and associated torque forces. In the preferred embodiment, molecular bond data is manipulated in a virtual reality system. The device can also be used with a workstation generated display on a plurality of problems which generate torque.