Abstract: Optical alignment of the relative positions of cooperating masks and substrates is achieved for use in the generation by x-radiation of complex and compact patterns. Small fiduciary marks are actually illuminated by coherent visible light and the resultant diffraction patterns are used for alignment purposes. Fresnel half-period zone plates are used to produce interference patterns in the form of an operator-observable information bearing pattern on a viewable screen.

Abstract: Magnetic apparatus for dispensing toner of an electrophoretic printer having a hopper fed magnetic brush in conjunction with an active or passive magnetic backing plate is disclosed for transferring a uniform layer of toner to a transfer surface or belt for high speed printing purposes. The magnetic apparatus includes a magnetic roller having an inner magnetic surface and an outer cylindrical surface disposed in magnetic relationship to the toner and opposite one side of the transfer surface. The apparatus further includes a magnetic backing plate disposed opposite the other side of the transfer surface and juxtaposed to said magnetic roller for transferring the toner to the transfer surface.

Abstract: In an electrophoretic printer for printing an image on a recipient sheet, magnetic tape means having a predetermined magnetization reversal is utilized to control the thickness of the toner layer thereon.

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting movement, translation and rotation, of an object relative to a reference, is disclosed, comprising transducer means having a portion thereof fixed with respect to the reference and means frictionally coupling the transducer to the object for effecting movement thereof. In addition, means for applying a predetermined potential difference waveform to the transducer to accelerate the transducer with respect to the object is disclosed. The transducer is accelerated at an acceleration which exceeds the critical acceleration of the object with respect to the transducer thereby effecting relative motion therebetween and thereby, being capable of moving the object significantly further than the extent of movement of the transducer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for determining the extinction coefficient of an atmospheric scattering medium utilizing a single-ended optical system having a predetermined transmitter field of view and two concentrically arranged cooperating optical receivers, wherein backscattered light from near and far receiver fields of view for each of a series of transmitted light pulses is collected by the respective receivers. Optimum reception is achieved for both near and far field scatterers and the received signals are selectively processed by a processor which may include, for example, integration, summation, and differentiation steps that automatically yield extinction coefficient data under a wide range of environmental conditions without requirements of extreme apparatus stability, continuous monitoring, or calibration of the apparatus.

Abstract: An optical filter system is provided for use with a penetration phosphor cathode ray tube of the special kind in which La.sub.2 O.sub.2 S particles are employed as the carrier hosts in the cathodo-luminescent penetration phosphor composition. Tb and Eu ions are used in low concentrations as activators in the control of red and green optical line emission from within a film of the activated host phosphor material. The filter system, bonded to the face plate of the cathode ray tube, provides contrast enhancement with respect to ambient light reflected from that face plate, greatly increasing the equivalent brightness of the color display.