Abstract: A method of validating a battery module for flight can comprise: coupling an external heating source to the battery module, the battery module including a plurality of cells; gradually applying heat to the battery module via the external heating source, wherein a cell in the plurality of cells that exceeds a temperature threshold is rapidly discharged to a state-of-charge between 0% and 25%; and verifying no fragments and no flames are released outside the battery module.

Abstract: A battery module may comprise: a common mounting structure including a cooling system and a venting system; and a first plurality of battery cell sub-modules, the first plurality of battery cell sub-modules disposed on a first side of the common mounting structure and coupled to the common mounting structure.

Abstract: An interconnected battery module comprises an enclosure and a plurality of cells. The interconnected battery module may be configured to be electrically and physically coupled to an adjacent interconnected battery module without wires or wiring harnesses. A battery system with the interconnected battery modules may manage a thermal runaway event within one of the interconnected battery modules by preventing propagation to a remainder of interconnected battery modules.

Abstract: The stackable brushless DC motor comprises one or more stackable motor sections disposed within a housing for use in cars or other vehicles. Each stackable motor section comprises a permanent magnetic rotor and electromagnetic stator. The permanent magnetic rotor comprises a plurality of permanent magnets. The electromagnetic stator comprises a plurality of conductive windings. The one or more stackable motor sections are characterized by a significantly thin and flat geometry. The housing comprises mounting flanges that support mounting in a car or other vehicle. The flat sides of the one or more stackable motor sections have no protuberances or features that would preclude adjacent stacking of said motors. The one or more stackable motor sections include openings through which a common shaft is disposed.