Abstract: A bituminous emulsion that is capable of being used as a penetrating prime emulsion. The penetrating prime emulsion may be capable of penetrating compacted soil without the use of solvent, and may toughen quickly to allow early application of a paved layer on the surface. The bituminous emulsion may comprise bituminous material and an emulsifier comprising octylphenol ethoxylates, and optionally further comprising tallow diamine betaines or other betaines.

Abstract: A bituminous emulsion that is capable of being used as a penetrating prime emulsion. The penetrating prime emulsion may be capable of penetrating compacted soil without the use of solvent, and may toughen quickly to allow early application of a paved layer on the surface. The bituminous emulsion may comprise bituminous material and an emulsifier comprising octylphenol ethoxylates, and optionally further comprising tallow diamine betaines or other betaines.

Abstract: A method of selecting a binder for a chipsealing process is provided. This method includes measuring the Adhesion Index of at least one binder and selecting a binder with a desirable Adhesion Index for the chipsealing process. The selected binder should have an Adhesion Index no greater than about 3.75 when calculated according to the most preferred method of the present invention. Preferably, the selected binder is applied to a surface and then aggregate is applied within the time parameters defined by the Adhesion Index of the binder to form a chipsealed surface. Preferably, substantially all of the aggregate bonds to the binder without the need for compacting the paved surface.

Abstract: A method of selecting a bituminous emulsion with enhanced performance for paving is provided. This method includes selecting polymer modified bitumen with a penetration value of about 25 to 450 dmm at 25° C. and selecting one or more emulsifiers comprised of at least about 5% by mass of a cationic nitrogenous compound selected from compounds having a carbonyl carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom, compounds having a carbon atom double bonded to a nitrogen atom, or combinations thereof based on the total mass of the selected emulsifier. Each selected emulsifier is reacted with a carboxylic acid to create one or more carboxylate salts. Each carboxylate salt created from a different proposed emulsifier separately is mixed with the bitumen to form one or more proposed bituminous emulsions. The coalescence of each proposed bituminous emulsion is measured using a rheology test, and a bituminous emulsion of the composition described above is chosen for paving a surface based on its coalescence properties.

Abstract: A method of selecting a binder for a chipsealing process is provided. This method includes measuring the Adhesion Index of at least one binder and selecting a binder with a desirable Adhesion Index for the chipsealing process. The selected binder should have an Adhesion Index no greater than about 3.75 when calculated according to the most preferred method of the present invention. Preferably, the selected binder is applied to a surface and then aggregate is applied within the time parameters defined by the Adhesion Index of the binder to form a chipsealed surface. Preferably, substantially all of the aggregate bonds to the binder without the need for compacting the paved surface.

Abstract: A method of selecting a bituminous emulsion with enhanced performance for paving is provided. This method includes selecting polymer modified bitumen with a penetration value of about 25 to 450 dmm at 25° C. and selecting one or more emulsifiers comprised of at least about 5% by mass of a cationic nitrogenous compound selected from compounds having a carbonyl carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom, compounds having a carbon atom double bonded to a nitrogen atom, or combinations thereof based on the total mass of the selected emulsifier. Each selected emulsifier is reacted with a carboxylic acid to create one or more carboxylate salts. Each carboxylate salt created from a different proposed emulsifier separately is mixed with the bitumen to form one or more proposed bituminous emulsions. The coalescence of each proposed bituminous emulsion is measured using a rheology test, and a bituminous emulsion of the composition described above is chosen for paving a surface based on its coalescence properties.