Abstract: Technology is disclosed herein by which a spreadsheet function is accepted as an argument to another function in a spreadsheet. In an implementation, a computing apparatus identifies a formula in a cell, the formula including a first function which has a parameter for the name of a second, non-anonymous function. The computing apparatus passes the function name as an argument to the first function for execution. In executing the first function, the computing apparatus calls the second function and passes a value as an argument to the second function. The computing apparatus updates the spreadsheet based on one or more results of the first function. In an implementation, when the first function calls the second function, the first function iterates through a range of values passed to it as an argument.

Abstract: Photovoltaic devices having transparent contact layers are described herein.

Abstract: Ways of making and using tandem photovoltaic devices are provided, where such devices can include a first submodule, a second submodule, and an interface between the first submodule and the second submodule. The interface permits a portion of light to pass therethrough and optically couples the first submodule and the second submodule. Optically coupling the first submodule and the second submodule includes reducing reflection of the portion of light passing through the interface.

Abstract: Photovoltaic devices having bifacial enhancement are described herein.

Abstract: A formwork system includes a height-adjustable support for supporting a beam in substantially horizontal or slightly inclined position that includes a support with a central upstanding member and a support arm. The support arm has a rounded socket, and the beam has a cylindrical mounting pin proximate its end. The socket and mounting pin are shaped and sized so that the mounting pin is retained within the socket and they together form a hinge joint. As the mounting pin is retained by the socket of the support arm, it does not shift laterally relative to the support arm as the support arm is vertically adjusted. The variance in the gap between laterally secured forming panels as a response to vertical shift of the support is dependent on the incline angle of the beam and the dimensions of the beam and the support arm. This is predictable within a defined tolerance.

Abstract: A fastener removal inspection device comprising: a housing, a diffuser, a display screen; a processor, a graphics processor, a digital image capture device, a power source, and a graphics processor. The graphics processor may be configured to overlay an offset overlay on a digitally displayed image of an inspection site. The display screen may be configured to display the inspection site, which may include a fastener being removed or to be removed, the offset overlay, and/or fastener setup data. The processor may be configured to process the fastener setup data and the offset overlay in order to determine an offset value from the offset overlay and said digitally displayed image.

Abstract: Photovoltaic devices having transparent contact layers are described herein.

Abstract: An optical sensor includes a semiconductor substrate having a first conductive type. The optical sensor further includes a photodiode disposed on the semiconductor substrate and a metal layer. The photodiode includes a first semiconductor layer having the first conductive type and a second semiconductor layer, formed on the first semiconductor layer, including a plurality of cathodes having a second conductive type. The first semiconductor layer is configured to collect photocurrent upon reception of incident light. The cathodes are configured to be electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer is configured to, based on the collected photocurrent, to track the incident light. The metal layer further includes a pinhole configured to collimate the incident light, and the plurality of cathodes form a rotational symmetry of order n with respect to an axis of the pinhole.

Abstract: A formula abstraction system is described. The system includes detecting a user-generated formula in a cell of a spreadsheet document, generating a graphical user interface that queries entries of a custom function based on the user-generated formula, forming the custom function by abstracting the user-generated formula to the custom function based on the entries, and storing the custom function in a function library of the spreadsheet document. The custom function applies the user-generated formula in a user-selected cell of the spreadsheet document.

Abstract: Examples discussed herein relate to automatically creating lambda functions in spreadsheet applications, e.g., Microsoft Excel®. In an implementation, a method of automatically creating lambda functions in spreadsheet applications using a lambda shorthand notation is disclosed. The method includes analyzing contents of a cell of a spreadsheet to identify a formulaic expression and determining that the formulaic expression can define a body of a lambda function without using explicit lambda function notation or parameter declarations. The method further includes automatically creating and invoking the lambda function responsive to the determination. As discussed herein, creating the lambda function includes registering the lambda function in a lambda registry using the formulaic expression as the body of the lambda function that evaluates into an output value.

Abstract: A formwork system for supporting forming panels to form a horizontal concrete surface. The system includes a height-adjustable support having a central upstanding member providing a vertical abutment surface and a support arm having an inclined portion extending up and away from said central upstanding member. The system also includes a beam having a transverse bar proximate an end. The transverse bar is supported by the inclined portion of the support arm so that said transverse bar moves laterally relative to the inclined portion as the support arm is moved vertically. The beam also has a foot extending from the end of the beam and abutting the abutment surface. The abutment surface opposes lateral movement of the beam relative to the upstanding member.

Abstract: A formula abstraction system is described. The system includes detecting a user-generated formula in a cell of a spreadsheet document, generating a graphical user interface that queries entries of a custom function based on the user-generated formula, forming the custom function by abstracting the user-generated formula to the custom function based on the entries, and storing the custom function in a function library of the spreadsheet document. The custom function applies the user-generated formula in a user-selected cell of the spreadsheet document.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the optical properties of an LED using a retroreflector element. A light emitting apparatus includes a substrate, at least one light emitting device attached to the substrate and including an outer primary light emitting surface through which substantially all light is emitted, and a retroreflector assembly attached to the substrate. The retroreflector assembly includes a proximal surface adjacent to the substrate, a distal surface spaced away from the substrate, and a retroreflective portion arranged between proximal surface and the distal surface. A distance from the distal surface to the substrate is less than or equal to a distance from the outer primary light emitting surface to the substrate.

Abstract: A formwork system includes a height-adjustable support for supporting a beam in substantially horizontal or slightly inclined position that includes a support with a central upstanding member and a support arm. The support arm has a rounded socket, and the beam has a cylindrical mounting pin proximate its end. The socket and mounting pin are shaped and sized so that the mounting pin is retained within the socket and they together form a hinge joint. As the mounting pin is retained by the socket of the support arm, it does not shift laterally relative to the support arm as the support arm is vertically adjusted. The variance in the gap between laterally secured forming panels as a response to vertical shift of the support is dependent on the incline angle of the beam and the dimensions of the beam and the support arm. This is predictable within a defined tolerance.