Abstract: An analytical method to optimize gaylord building and truck loading for outbound container shipments includes defining, within the 3-dimensional physical space, one or more 2-dimensional layers, each 2-dimensional layer having a fixed height. Using one or more heuristic algorithms, for each of the one or more 2-dimensional layers, one or more objects of a plurality of objects can be assigned for placement within the two-dimensional layer, and one or more placement positions within the 2-dimensional layer can be assigned for each of the one or more of the plurality of objects. The assigned placement positions can be displayed, reported, or otherwise transmitted to a user or system.

Abstract: An iron golf club head having a hollow interior. The iron golf club head is formed from a first casing and a second casing. The first casing includes the hosel and strike face, while the second casing includes the sole, the back side, and the topline of the iron golf club head. The second casing also includes two cavities, one of which forms the hollow interior of the iron golf club head when the first casing is welded to the second casing. The thickness and hardness of the first casing vary between the long and short iron golf club heads.

Abstract: A golf club head having a hollow metal body with a metal strike face. The metal strike face has a coating applied thereto of a first hue of color that defines an alignment marker for a golfer. The decorative coating covers at least 10% of an entire surface area of the metal strike face, covers the geometric center of the strike face, is bounded by at least a second hue of color that is different than the first hue of color, and does not extend to a periphery of the metal strike face The coating has physical properties that do not affect a launch angle and spin rate of a golf ball hit with the golf club head.