Abstract: Rotary traveling wave oscillator-based (RTWO-based) frequency multipliers are provided herein. In certain embodiments, an RTWO-based frequency multiplier includes an RTWO that generates a plurality of clock signal phases of a first frequency, and an edge combiner that processes the clock signal phases to generate an output clock signal having a second frequency that is a multiple of the first frequency. The edge combiner can be implemented as a logic-based combining circuit that combines the clock signal phases from the RTWO. For example, the edge combiner can include parallel stacks of transistors operating on different clock signal phases, with the stacks selectively activating based on timing of the clock signal phases to generate the output clock signal of multiplied frequency.

Abstract: Rotary traveling wave oscillator-based (RTWO-based) frequency multipliers are provided herein. In certain embodiments, an RTWO-based frequency multiplier includes an RTWO that generates a plurality of clock signal phases of a first frequency, and an edge combiner that processes the clock signal phases to generate an output clock signal having a second frequency that is a multiple of the first frequency. The edge combiner can be implemented as a logic-based combining circuit that combines the clock signal phases from the RTWO. For example, the edge combiner can include parallel stacks of transistors operating on different clock signal phases, with the stacks selectively activating based on timing of the clock signal phases to generate the output clock signal of multiplied frequency.

Abstract: The heat recovery system includes an oven having a treatment air with a treatment air temperature and a treatment air dew point temperature to treat a product or product in process. A zone outlet exhaust waste treatment air following the treatment of the product. A preheating zone includes a preheating inlet for the introduction of preheating air having a preheating air temperature and a preheating air dew point temperature to preheat the product. A transfer duct extends between the zone outlet of the oven and the preheating zone to transfer a portion of waste treatment air from the oven to the preheating zone to create the preheating air to preheat additional product. The preheating air preheats the product in the preheating zone to a product temperature that is at least equal to the treatment air dew point temperature to eliminate surface condensation on the product during treatment in the oven.

Abstract: Aspects of this disclosure relate to active antenna calibration. In some embodiments, a local oscillator signal can be injected into the receive path for misalignment measurement and calibration of the receive path, a transmit signal from a transmit path can be coupled to a receive path, and the transmit path can be calibrated relative to the receive path.

Abstract: Aspects of this disclosure relate to active antenna calibration. In some embodiments, a local oscillator signal can be injected into the receive path for misalignment measurement and calibration of the receive path, a transmit signal from a transmit path can be coupled to a receive path, and the transmit path can be calibrated relative to the receive path.

Abstract: The heat recovery system includes an oven having a treatment air with a treatment air temperature and a treatment air dew point temperature to treat a product or product in process. A zone outlet exhaust waste treatment air following the treatment of the product. A preheating zone includes a preheating inlet for the introduction of preheating air having a preheating air temperature and a preheating air dew point temperature to preheat the product. A transfer duct extends between the zone outlet of the oven and the preheating zone to transfer a portion of waste treatment air from the oven to the preheating zone to create the preheating air to preheat additional product. The preheating air preheats the product in the preheating zone to a product temperature that is at least equal to the treatment air dew point temperature to eliminate surface condensation on the product during treatment in the oven.

Abstract: The heat recovery system includes an oven having a treatment air with a treatment air temperature and a treatment air dew point temperature to treat a product or product in process. A zone outlet exhaust waste treatment air following the treatment of the product. A preheating zone includes a preheating inlet for the introduction of preheating air having a preheating air temperature and a preheating air dew point temperature to preheat the product. A transfer duct extends between the zone outlet of the oven and the preheating zone to transfer a portion of waste treatment air from the oven to the preheating zone to create the preheating air to preheat additional product. The preheating air preheats the product in the preheating zone to a product temperature that is at least equal to the treatment air dew point temperature to eliminate surface condensation on the product during treatment in the oven.

Abstract: Provided herein are apparatus and methods for using tuning information to adaptively and dynamically modify the parameters of an RF signal chain. The tuning information from an oscillator core, having multiple oscillators, adaptively tunes parameters of system components within a signal chain. In this way the system components are tuned to operate within a band tailored to the signal and to the oscillator core. In addition, RF impedances can be matched and power added efficiency can be enhanced in an area efficient monolithic integrated circuit.

Abstract: As provided herein, in some embodiments, monolithic oscillators with low phase noise, large swing voltages, wide tuning, and high frequency characteristics are obtained by a monolithic integrated circuit having an oscillator core configured to generate a first output signal, and one or more tuning units operatively coupled to the oscillator core. In some embodiments, the oscillator core is a push-push oscillator core having a bipolar junction transistor, and each of the tuning units uses a FET transistor to present a selectable capacitance. In some embodiments, the tuning units have high-voltage and high-frequency capabilities. In some embodiments, the tuning units use MEMS switches to selectively connect capacitances to the oscillator core. In some embodiments, the oscillator core generates a second signal that has twice the frequency of the first frequency.

Abstract: As provided herein, in some embodiments, monolithic oscillators with low phase noise, large swing voltages, wide tuning, and high frequency characteristics are obtained by a monolithic integrated circuit having an oscillator core configured to generate a first output signal, and one or more tuning units operatively coupled to the oscillator core. In some embodiments, the oscillator core is a push-push oscillator core having a bipolar junction transistor, and each of the tuning units uses a FET transistor to present a selectable capacitance. In some embodiments, the tuning units have high-voltage and high-frequency capabilities. In some embodiments, the tuning units use MEMS switches to selectively connect capacitances to the oscillator core. In some embodiments, the oscillator core generates a second signal that has twice the frequency of the first frequency.

Abstract: The heat recovery system includes an oven having a treatment air with a treatment air temperature and a treatment air dew point temperature to treat a product or product in process. A zone outlet exhaust waste treatment air following the treatment of the product. A preheating zone includes a preheating inlet for the introduction of preheating air having a preheating air temperature and a preheating air dew point temperature to preheat the product. A transfer duct extends between the zone outlet of the oven and the preheating zone to transfer a portion of waste treatment air from the oven to the preheating zone to create the preheating air to preheat additional product. The preheating air preheats the product in the preheating zone to a product temperature that is at least equal to the treatment air dew point temperature to eliminate surface condensation on the product during treatment in the oven.

Abstract: A dual mode power amplifier output network is provided that includes a load switch and an auto transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding. The load switch is connected to the secondary winding of the auto transformer.

Abstract: An apparatus may include a filtering network and a switch. From an amplified signal, the filtering network produces a filtered signal for wireless transmission in a frequency band. The switch includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a switching element. The first terminal receives the filtered signal and the switching element selectively couples the first and second terminals. The filtering network also attenuates harmonics of the filtered signal that are generated by the switch. This attenuation establishes compliance with a harmonic emissions power limit associated with the frequency band. More particularly, this attenuation reduces at least one of the harmonics from a level exceeding the harmonic emissions power limit to a level within the harmonic emissions power limit.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing smokeless tobacco and/or snuff compositions using steam alone in an open vessel or in combination with pressure and venting to alter organoleptic properties of the smokeless tobacco and/or snuff compositions.