Abstract: Provided are methods of producing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) grade migalastat hydrochloride, and for purifying intermediate grade migalastat hydrochloride. Further provided are methods of producing [(2R,3S,4R,5S)-1-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol hydrochloride (lucerastat hydrochloride) and other 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin compounds, as well as methods of purifying intermediate grade lucerastat hydrochloride and other 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin compounds.

Abstract: Provided are methods of producing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) grade migalastat hydrochloride, and for purifying intermediate grade migalastat hydrochloride. Further provided are methods of producing [(2R,3S,4R,5S)-1-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol hydrochloride (lucerastat hydrochloride) and other 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin compounds, as well as methods of purifying intermediate grade lucerastat hydrochloride and other 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin compounds.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to providing indicators of distance. For example, display of a visual distance indicator that indicates the distance between a computer system and an entity is provided.

Abstract: Provided are methods of producing a batch of 1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; 5-azido-5-deoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; intermediate grade migalastat hydrochloride; and/or migalastat hydrochloride. Also provided are methods of determining the purity of a batch of 1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; 5-azido-5-deoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; intermediate grade migalastat hydrochloride; and/or migalastat hydrochloride. Also provided are methods of distributing a batch of 1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; 5-azido-5-deoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; intermediate grade migalastat hydrochloride; and/or migalastat hydrochloride. Also provided are methods of assessing suitability of migalastat hydrochloride for medical use.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to providing indicators of distance. For example, display of a visual distance indicator that indicates the distance between a computer system and an entity is provided.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method for selecting at least one layer of a spatially layered, encoded audio signal. Typical embodiments are teleconferencing methods in which at least one of a set of nodes (endpoints, each of which is a telephone system, and optionally also a server) is configured to perform audio coding in response to soundfield audio data to generate spatially layered encoded audio including any of a number of different subsets of a set of layers, the set of layers including at least one monophonic layer, at least one soundfield layer, and optionally also at least one metadata layer comprising metadata indicative of at least one processing operation to be performed on the encoded audio. Other aspects are systems configured (e.g., programmed) to perform any embodiment of the method, and computer readable media which store code for implementing any embodiment of the method or steps thereof.

Abstract: A method for encoding sound field signals includes allocating coding rate by application of a uniform criterion to all subbands of all signals in a joint process. An allocation criterion may be based on a comparison, in a given subband, between a spectral envelope of the signals to be encoded and a coding noise profile, wherein the noise profile may be a sum of a noise shape and a noise offset, which noise offset is computed on the basis of the coding bit budget. The rate allocation process may be combined with an energy-compacting orthogonal transform, for which there is proposed a parameterization susceptible of efficient coding and having adjustable directivity. In a further aspect, the invention provides a corresponding decoding method.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method for selecting at least one layer of a spatially layered, encoded audio signal. Typical embodiments are teleconferencing methods in which at least one of a set of nodes (endpoints, each of which is a telephone system, and optionally also a server) is configured to perform audio coding in response to soundfield audio data to generate spatially layered encoded audio including any of a number of different subsets of a set of layers, the set of layers including at least one monophonic layer, at least one soundfield layer, and optionally also at least one metadata layer comprising metadata indicative of at least one processing operation to be performed on the encoded audio. Other aspects are systems configured (e.g., programmed) to perform any embodiment of the method, and computer readable media which store code for implementing any embodiment of the method or steps thereof.

Abstract: A method for encoding sound field signals includes allocating coding rate by application of a uniform criterion to all subbands of all signals in a joint process. An allocation criterion may be based on a comparison, in a given subband, between a spectral envelope of the signals to be encoded and a coding noise profile, wherein the noise profile may be a sum of a noise shape and a noise offset, which noise offset is computed on the basis of the coding bit budget. The rate allocation process may be combined with an energy-compacting orthogonal transform, for which there is proposed a parameterization susceptible of efficient coding and having adjustable directivity. In a further aspect, the invention provides a corresponding decoding method.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lubricating oil for use in engines subjected to sustained severe load conditions, said lubricating oil comprising a base oil, and an additive package comprising one or more neutral/low TBN or a mixture of neutral/low TBN, and overbased/high TBN alkali or alkaline earth metal alkyl sulfonates, alkyl phenates, alkyl salicylates, an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of glycerine derivatives comprising glycerine grafted with a hindered phenol, hindered phenolic containing a thioether group, and mixtures thereof, optionally an additional conventional antioxidant and/or an organomolybdenum compound, and other additives, and to a method for enhancing the deposit formation resistance of a lubricating oil used in engines operated under sustained severe load comprising the addition to the lubricant of the aforesaid additive package.

Abstract: The resistance to oxidation and nitration of a gas engine oil is improved by the use of a combination of a hindered phenolic antioxidant and an (alkylated) phenyl-?-naphthylamine antioxidant. The additional use of an organo molybdenum compound further enhances the resistance to oxidation and nitration.

Abstract: A system for providing a listener with an augmented audio reality in a geographical environment said system comprising a position locating system for determining a current position and orientation of a listener in.

Abstract: An apparatus for creating, utilizing a pair of oppositely opposed headphone speakers, the sensation of a sound source being spatially distant from the area between the pair of headphones, the apparatus comprising: (a) a series of audio inputs representing audio signals being projected from an idealised sound source located at a spatial location relative to the idealised listener; (b) a first mixing matrix means interconnected to the audio inputs and a series of feedback inputs for outputting a predetermined combination of the audio inputs as intermediate output signals; (c) a filter system of filtering the intermediate output signals and outputting filtered intermediate output signals and the series of feedback inputs, the filter system including separate filters for filtering the direct response and short time response and an approximation to the reverberant response, in addition to the feedback response filtering for producing the feedback inputs; and (d) a second matrix mixing means combining the filtered

Abstract: An apparatus for creating, utilizing a pair of oppositely opposed headphone speakers, the sensation of a sound source being spatially distant from the area between the pair of headphones, the apparatus comprising: (a) a series of audio inputs representing audio signals being projected from an idealised sound source located at a spatial location relative to the idealised listener; (b) a first mixing matrix means interconnected to the audio inputs and a series of feedback inputs for outputting a predetermined combination of the audio inputs as intermediate output signals; (c) a filter system of filtering the intermediate output signals and outputting filtered intermediate output signals and the series of feedback inputs, the filter system including separate filters for filtering the direct response and short time response and an approximation to the reverberant response, in addition to the feedback response filtering for producing the feedback inputs; and (d) a second matrix mixing means combining the filtered

Abstract: The resistance to oxidation and nitration of a gas engine oil is improved by the use of a combination of a hindered phenolic antioxidant and an (alkylated) phenyl-?-naphthylamine antioxidant. The additional use of an organo molybdenum compound further enhances the resistance to oxidation and nitration.

Abstract: A lubricating oil especially useful as a natural gas engine lubricating oil that has extended life as evidenced by reductions in viscosity increase, oxidation and nitration relative to current commercial and reference oils is provided. The oil comprises a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and a mixture of metallic detergents comprising: (i) a neutral calcium alkylsalicylate detergent and (ii) a second neutral or overbased metallic detergent or mixture of detergents other than neutral calcium alkylsalicylate selected from the group consisting of calcium and barium sulfonates, phenates and alkylsalicylates. The composition is further characterized as having low or no zinc.

Abstract: An ashless natural gas engine lubricating composition which has enhanced resistance to oxidation, nitration and viscosity increase employs as additives in a lubricating oil basestock a combination of phenolic and alkylthiocarbamoyl antioxidants and an ashless phosphorous antiwear additive.

Abstract: A lubricating oil with very low phosphorus content, and having long life as evidenced by a reduction in viscosity increase, oxidation and nitration, comprises a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of a mixture of neutral and overbased metallic detergents, at least a zinc dialkyldithiocarbamate and a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate antiwear additive and at least a dihydrocarbylthiocarbamoyl.

Abstract: A gas engine oil of enhanced life as evidenced by a reduction in viscosity increase, oxidation, nitration. TAN increase, and TBN depletion comprises a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and at minor amount of a phenolic anti oxidant and a viscosity index improver, but excluding amine type anti oxydants.

Abstract: A system for providing a listener with an augmented audio reality in a geographical environment said system comprising a position locating system for determining a current position and orientation of a listener in said geographical environment; an audio track creation system for creating an audio track having a predetermined spatialization component dependent on an apparent location of an apparent source associated with said audio track in said geographical environment; an audio track rendering system adapted to render an audio signal based on said audio track to a series of speakers surrounding said listener such that said listener experiences an apparent preservation of said spatialization component; and an audio track playback system interconnected to said position locating system and said audio track creation system and adapted to forward a predetermined audio track to said audio rendering system for rendering depending on said current position and orientation of said listener in said geographical environ