Abstract: Approaches to control engine overspeed are provided. Engine overspeed is controlled by one or more mechanisms that operate the intake and/or exhaust valves of the engine to interrupt the combustion cycle. In use, the “combustion interrupter” mechanism(s) actuate the intake and/or exhaust valves according to, for example, one or more control strategies in order to interrupt the combustion cycle and/or cause the engine to expend energy to move the pistons through a complete cycle in an aim to retard engine speed. The engine's cam(s) can include one or more sets of variable valve timing lobes that operate the intake and/or exhaust valves of the engine in order to, for example, interrupt the combustion cycle. The combustion interrupter mechanism can additionally or alternatively include one or more computer controlled actuators that operate the intake and/or exhaust valves in order, for example, to interrupt the combustion cycle.

Abstract: Approaches to control engine overspeed are provided. Engine overspeed is controlled by one or more mechanisms that operate the intake and/or exhaust valves of the engine to interrupt the combustion cycle. In use, the “combustion interrupter” mechanism(s) actuate the intake and/or exhaust valves according to, for example, one or more control strategies in order to interrupt the combustion cycle and/or cause the engine to expend energy to move the pistons through a complete cycle in an aim to retard engine speed. The engine's cam(s) can include one or more sets of variable valve timing lobes that operate the intake and/or exhaust valves of the engine in order to, for example, interrupt the combustion cycle. The combustion interrupter mechanism can additionally or alternatively include one or more computer controlled actuators that operate the intake and/or exhaust valves in order, for example, to interrupt the combustion cycle.

Abstract: A flow diffuser for vehicles of the type having an engine and an exhaust pipe generally includes a body including a plurality of inner diffusion ports extending through the body, wherein the body may be attached to an exhaust pipe at or near the exit plane of the exhaust pipe, wherein the body is sized to have a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the exit plane of the exhaust pipe to create a plurality of outer diffusion ports around at least a portion of the outer perimeter of the body when coupled to the exhaust pipe, and one or more extension flaps extending from at least a portion of the outer perimeter of the body.

Abstract: A flow diffuser for vehicles of the type having an engine and an exhaust pipe generally includes a body including a plurality of inner diffusion ports extending through the body, wherein the body may be attached to an exhaust pipe at or near the exit plane of the exhaust pipe, wherein the body is sized to have a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the exit plane of the exhaust pipe to create a plurality of outer diffusion ports around at least a portion of the outer perimeter of the body when coupled to the exhaust pipe, and one or more extension flaps extending from at least a portion of the outer perimeter of the body.

Abstract: A fairing assembly 100 is demountably coupled to a vehicle and includes a first and second support structure 112 and 122 fixedly secured to the vehicle. The fairing assembly 100 further includes a first support member 136 having first end coupled to the first support structure 112 and a second end coupled to the second support structure 122. A first elastic compression member 170 is positioned between the first end of the first support member 136 and the first support structure 112, and a second elastic compression member 170 is positioned between the second end of the first support member 136 and the second support structure 122. The first and second elastic compression members 170 impart opposing forces on the first support member 136 to position the first support member relative to the first and second support structures 112 and 122.

Abstract: A fairing assembly 100 is demountably coupled to a vehicle and includes a first and second support structure 112 and 122 fixedly secured to the vehicle. The fairing assembly 100 further includes a first support member 136 having first end coupled to the first support structure 112 and a second end coupled to the second support structure 122. A first elastic compression member 170 is positioned between the first end of the first support member 136 and the first support structure 112, and a second elastic compression member 170 is positioned between the second end of the first support member 136 and the second support structure 122. The first and second elastic compression members 170 impart opposing forces on the first support member 136 to position the first support member relative to the first and second support structures 112 and 122.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for monitoring the presence of an analyte in a closed vial wherein a sample contained within the closed vial is conveyed to an analyzer. The analyzer determines a value of a spectral property dependent on analyte concentration at a position within a headspace formed above the sample within the vial. An indicator is used to compare the measured value of the spectral property with a predetermined limit criteria to determine the presence or absence of the analyte. Vials wherein the presence of the analyte is detected are indicated as product vials whereas vials wherein the absence of the analyte is detected are indicated as rejected vials. The rejected vials are conveyed by a transferrer to a rejected vial station. A first portion of the product vials are conveyed by a sampler to a sample collection station. A second portion of the product vials are conveyed to a labeler.