Abstract: A belt having a longitudinal direction extending around the first wheel and the second wheel and forming a closed shape with a circumference in the longitudinal direction. The belt has a first rigid portion and a second rigid portion each extending from the first wheel to the second wheel. The belt may be included in a drive mechanism including a first wheel, a second wheel. Accordingly, when the first wheel is rotated about its axis of rotation the rotation causes movement of the belt along the longitudinal direction such that the first rigid portion provides a pushing force on the second wheel, and the second rigid portion provides a pulling force on the second wheel. Drive mechanisms may have a longitudinal gap between a belt and wheels of the belt. Belts may have a v-shaped or arcuate cross-section. Belts may have multiple layers.

Abstract: A sliding vane pump having an inside liner with a constant radius pump arc and a constant radius stop arc, connected together by cycloidal arcs. The liner has inlet slots arranged extending around a perimeter of a liner extending into the pump arc for maximum filling of the pumping volume. A herringbone-shaped slot arrangement is provided on a outlet side which increases vane life, increases sealing around the vanes on the outlet side, and decreases liner wear. A relief/fill porting arrangement is provided to pressurize the fluid in the pump chamber, or alternately to relieve pressure from the pump chamber. An improved thrust absorber is described particularly useful for truck mounting of the pump. An asymmetrical inside profile for the liner assists in pump operation by providing a fluid mathematical profile which approaches zero acceleration forces at the point of tangency.

Abstract: Carbohydrate or material containing carbohydrate such as cereal, corn, rice, sorghum, potato and the like including Biomass and other sources of cellulose or non-fermentable sugars, is mixed with water and heated in the presence of a surfactant, typically a non-ionic detergent. The process may avoid the need for a subsequent pressure cooking step prior to fermentation to yield alcohol.