Abstract: A sensor system configured to detect oxygen in an exhaust stream of an industrial process is provided. In one embodiment, the sensor system comprises a probe with an oxygen-detecting sensor, wherein the oxygen-detecting sensor detects a concentration of oxygen in the exhaust stream. The system may also comprise a catalytic converter located on the probe near the sensor, wherein the catalytic converter is configured to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The system may also comprise a signal detector configured to detect a change in oxygen concentration indicative of a carbon monoxide breakthrough.

Abstract: A process combustion transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes a process probe extendible into a flow of process combustion exhaust. The process probe has a measurement cell with an operating temperature that is above a flashpoint of process combustion fuel. The process probe includes a heater configured to heat the measurement cell to the operating temperature. Electronic circuitry is coupled to the measurement cell and to the heater. The electronic circuitry is configured to disengage power to the heater once process combustion heat is sufficient to maintain the measurement cell at the operating temperature and thereafter to maintain the heater in a de-energized state.

Abstract: A sensor system configured to detect oxygen in an exhaust stream of an industrial process is provided. In one embodiment, the sensor system comprises a probe with an oxygen-detecting sensor, wherein the oxygen-detecting sensor detects a concentration of oxygen in the exhaust stream. The system may also comprise a catalytic converter located on the probe near the sensor, wherein the catalytic converter is configured to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The system may also comprise a signal detector configured to detect a change in oxygen concentration indicative of a carbon monoxide breakthrough.

Abstract: A process combustion transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes a process probe extendible into a flow of process combustion exhaust. The process probe has a measurement cell and a diffuser that define a chamber within the process probe. Electronic circuitry is coupled to the measurement cell and is configured to provide an indication relative to a combustion process based on an output signal of the measurement cell. A pressure sensor is coupled to the electronic circuitry and is fluidically coupled to the chamber. The electronic circuitry is configured to provide an adjusted calibration based on pressure measured within the chamber during a calibration.

Abstract: A process combustion transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes a process probe extendible into a flow of process combustion exhaust. The process probe has a measurement cell and a diffuser that define a chamber within the process probe. Electronic circuitry is coupled to the measurement cell and is configured to provide an indication relative to a combustion process based on an output signal of the measurement cell. A pressure sensor is coupled to the electronic circuitry and is fluidically coupled to the chamber. The electronic circuitry is configured to provide an adjusted calibration based on pressure measured within the chamber during a calibration.

Abstract: A process combustion transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes a process probe extendible into a flow of process combustion exhaust. The process probe has a measurement cell with an operating temperature that is above a flashpoint of process combustion fuel. The process probe includes a heater configured to heat the measurement cell to the operating temperature. Electronic circuitry is coupled to the measurement cell and to the heater. The electronic circuitry is configured to disengage power to the heater once process combustion heat is sufficient to maintain the measurement cell at the operating temperature and thereafter to maintain the heater in a de-energized state.

Abstract: An in situ flue gas analyzer includes a probe extendable into a flue. The probe has a measurement cell providing a signal responsive to a concentration of a gas within the flue. A controller is coupled to the probe and configured to provide an output based on the signal from the measurement cell. A first media access unit is coupled to the controller and is operably coupleable to a first process communication link. The first media access unit is configured to communicate in accordance with an all-digital process communication protocol. A second media access unit is coupled to the controller and is operably coupleable to a second process communication link. The second media access unit is configured to communicate in accordance with a second process communication protocol that is different than the all-digital process communication protocol. The first and second media access units are enabled simultaneously.

Abstract: A process gas analysis system is provided. The system includes a probe insertable into a source of process gas and having a distal end and a chamber proximate the distal end. A gas sensor is mounted within the chamber and is configured to provide an electrical indication relative to a species of gas. A diffuser is mounted proximate the distal end of the probe and is configured to allow gas diffusion into the chamber. A source of calibration gas is operably coupled to the probe and is configured to supply calibration gas, having a known concentration of the gas species. Electronics are coupled to the sensor and configured to store a pre-calibration process gas concentration and to measure an amount of time (sensor return time) for the sensor response to return to the pre-calibration process gas concentration. The electronics are configured to compare a measured sensor return time with a known-good sensor return time to provide an indication relative to the diffuser.

Abstract: A method for controlling the deposits in the fuel vaporizer of a fuel reformer used to prepare a liquid hydrocarbon for use as a fuel in a fuel cell which comprises introducing into the fuel vaporizer a liquid hydrocarbon containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive and a fuel composition suitable for use in a fuel cell which comprises a liquid hydrocarbon having a boiling range at atmospheric pressure falling between about 77 degrees F. (25 degrees C.) and about 437 degrees F. (225 degrees C.), a total sulfur content of less than 3 ppm, and containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive.

Abstract: A method for controlling the deposits in the fuel vaporizer of a fuel reformer used to prepare a liquid hydrocarbon for use as a fuel in a fuel cell which comprises introducing into the fuel vaporizer a liquid hydrocarbon containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive and a fuel composition suitable for use in a fuel cell which comprises a liquid hydrocarbon having a boiling range at atmospheric pressure falling between about 77 degrees F. (25 degrees C.) and about 437 degrees F. (225 degrees C.), a total sulfur content of less than 3 ppm, and containing an effective deposit controlling amount of a nitrogen-containing detergent additive.

Abstract: A polyalklpyroroplidine compound of the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; wherein R.sub.1 is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 500 to 5,000;R.sub.2 is a straight- or branched-chain alkylene group having from about 2 to 6 carbon atoms;is R.sub.3 is H or CH.sub.3 ; andx is an integer from about 0 to 4.The polyalkylpyrrolidines of the present invention are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: An improved packaging machine that has improved features for feeding a web in the form of a continuous chain of bags through the machine while helping maintain the web in proper alignment and proper tension, and having additional features for improved loading of the bags. The improved web feed includes a dancer assembly equipped with a pair of nips that are driven at speeds responsive to the rate of web travel through the machine so that tension between a web supply and the dancer nips is isolated from the downstream portions of the web. A web feed mechanism which automatically threads the web through baggers is also provided. The web feed mechanism includes elastic belts which frictionally grip the web to isolate the tension in the section between the dancer nips and the belts from the tension of the web feed mechanism.

Abstract: A packaging machine that has features for feeding a web in the form of a continuous chain of bags through the machine while helping maintain the web in proper alignment and proper tension, and having additional features for improved loading of the bags. The improved web feed includes a dancer assembly equipped with a pair of nips that are driven at speeds responsive to the rate of web travel through the machine so that tension between a web supply and the dancer nips is isolated from the downstream portions of the web. A web feed mechanism which automatically threads the web through baggers is also provided. The web feed mechanism includes elastic belts which frictionally grip the web to isolate the tension in the section between the dancer nips and the belts from the tension of the web feed mechanism.

Abstract: A packaging machine and method for simultaneously loading, sealing and severing bags. A first stepper motor, having an output, is coupled to a nip roll assembly. After a bag is loaded, a sealing mechanism is actuated to seal the loaded bag or bags. A sensor monitors movement in a pressure bar and terminates the sealing cycle if a jam is detected before the pressure bar engages a seal bar having a heater for sealing the bag. The stepper motor is used to retract bags and sever a leadmost bag that is clamped between the seal bar by the pressure bar. A second stepper motor withdraws the web from a supply at a controlled rate to maintain tension in the web between the first and second stepper motors. A dancer roll assembly includes an orientation sensor for controlling the second stepper motor to speed up, slow down or stop.

Abstract: An improved packaging machine that has improved features for feeding a web in the form of a continuous chain of bags through the machine while helping maintain the web in proper alignment and proper tension, and having additional features for improved loading of the bags. The improved web feed includes a dancer assembly equipped with a pair of nips that are driven at speeds responsive to the rate of web travel through the machine so that tension between a web supply and the dancer nips is isolated from the downstream portions of the web. A web feed mechanism which automatically threads the web through baggers is also provided. The web feed mechanism includes elastic belts which frictionally grip the web to isolate the tension in the section between the dancer nips and the belts from the tension of the web feed mechanism.

Abstract: An improved packaging machine that has improved features for feeding a web in the form of a continuous chain of bags through the machine while helping maintain the web in proper alignment and proper tension, and having additional features for improved loading of the bags. The improved web feed includes a dancer assembly equipped with a pair of nips that are driven at speeds responsive to the rate of web travel through the machine so that tension between a web supply and the dancer nips is isolated from the downstream portions of the web. A web feed mechanism which automatically threads the web through baggers is also provided. The web feed mechanism includes elastic belts which frictionally grip the web to isolate the tension in the section between the dancer nips and the belts from the tension of the web feed mechanism.

Abstract: A packaging machine and method for simultaneously loading, sealing and severing bags. A first stepper motor, having an output, is coupled to a nip roll assembly. After a bag is loaded, a sealing mechanism is actuated to seal the loaded bag or bags. A sensor monitors movement in a pressure bar and terminates the sealing cycle if a jam is detected before the pressure bar engages a seal bar having a heater for sealing the bag. The stepper motor is used to retract bags and sever a leadmost bag that is clamped between the seal bar by the pressure bar. A second stepper motor withdraws the web from a supply at a controlled rate to maintain tension in the web between the first and second stepper motors. A dancer roll assembly includes an orientation sensor for controlling the second stepper motor to speed up, slow down or stop.