Abstract: A method for monitoring physiologic conditions of a patient includes inserting an esophageal or other suitable tube into the patient, the tube comprising a lumen having a proximal end, a distal end, and central portion, and a pressure sensor disposed about at least a portion of an outer surface of the lumen of the tube. The pressure sensor is capable of detecting a change in pressure when a force is exerted against the outer surface of the lumen. The tube is then positioned within the patient and an initial pressure reading of the pressure exerted against the pressure sensors disposed about the at least a portion of the outer surface of the lumen of the tube is taken. The method also includes monitoring changes in the initial pressure reading and, if needed, taking a second pressure reading.

Abstract: The occurrence of hypercapneic acidosis in a fetus during a laparoscopic procedure carried out on a pregnant female, is prevented or ameliorated by inclusion in or addition to the carbon dioxide insufflation gas, of a nitric oxide donor, e.g., ethyl nitrite. Administration of nitric oxide donor in insufflation gas causes increase in fetal cerebral oxygenation.

Abstract: The occurrence of hypercapneic acidosis in a fetus during a laparoscopic procedure carried out on a pregnant female, is prevented or ameliorated by inclusion in or addition to the carbon dioxide insufflation gas, of a nitric oxide donor, e.g., ethyl nitrite. Administration of nitric oxide donor in insufflation gas causes increase in fetal cerebral oxygenation.