Abstract: The present invention relates to a opto-electronic device which comprises: (a) an upper device component comprising: a counter electrode made of a metal, a conductive oxide or a conductive organic compound; (b) a lower device component comprising: a glass or polymeric carrier substrate, a working electrode comprising a transparent conductive coating adjacent to the glass or polymeric substrate, a blocking layer, an active layer, a hole conducting layer, (c) a conductive adhesive disposed between the upper device component and the lower upper device component, and (d) a contact layer for facilitating the injection of electrons into the active layer, between and in contact with, the conductive adhesive and the hole conducting layer.