Abstract: A method and apparatus (10) referred to as a step and repeat sensitometer directs radiant energy (18) from a radiant energy source (16) into a diffuse integrating chamber (2) which uniformly mixes and directs the radiant energy (18) onto an exposure plane (14) where a radiation sensitive sample (1) is positioned so that individual areas of the sample (1) are exposed to readily adjustable levels of illuminance producing gradated exposures.

Abstract: In the box annealing of steel sheet, the tendency for adjacent wraps of the sheet to pressure weld (stick) is decreased or eliminated by passing the sheet, prior to annealing, through a rinse containing from 1,500 to 10,000 ppm of the magnesium or calcium salts of soluble carboxylic acids--preferably formates. Further benefits are realized if the sheet is electro-cleaned with a silicate containing cleaning solution, and thereafter rinsed in the formate solution whereby the latter acts to fix the concentration of silicates remaining on the surface of the sheet.

Abstract: Thin coatings of dioctyl sebacate, sodium benzoate, and certain sarcosine surfactants provide enhanced rust protection for steel. The sarcosine surfactant may range from 5 to 50 percent of the dioctyl sebacate, and the sodium benzoate should be in the range of 0.5 to about 1 percent of the total composition.