Abstract: A method is provided for assigning a grade to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel is relation to the potential for a water or water-based phase to form in the fuel. The method comprises sensing the electrical resistance of the fuel, sensing the capacitance of the fuel, determining the amount of water or water-soluble compounds in the fuel based on the electrical resistance of the fuel, identifying which water or water-soluble compounds are present based on the capacitance of the fuel, sensing the temperature of the fuel, and calculating the potential for a water or water-soluble phase to form in the fuel during transportation or storage.

Abstract: A system and method for characterizing a liquid hydrocarbon fuel having unknown or variable composition is described and shown herein.

Abstract: A method is provided for the determination of NO2? and/or NO3? in water by subjecting the water sample to ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy within the range of wavelengths of 200-240 nm, and determining the presence of NO2? and/or NO3? based on the Raman spectral measurement. The method has particularly applicability to the determination of such ions in wastewater, such as in activated sludge washwater treatment reactors. The method may also be employed with advantage in the control of processes involving the removal of ammonium ions upon reaction with oxygen.

Abstract: A method is provided for the determination of NO2− and/and NO3− in water by subjecting the water sample to ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy within the range of wavelengths of 200-240 nm, and determining the presence of NO2− and/or NO3− based on the Raman spectral measurement. The method has particularly applicability to the determination of such ions in wastewater. The method may also be employed with advantage in the control of processes involving the removal of ammonium ions upon reaction with oxygen.

Abstract: A method of decontaminating solid material consisting of removing organic hazardous waste from contaminated solid material with an aqueous ammonia solution. The resulting aqueous ammonia solution containing organic hazardous waste is further processed to isolate the organic hazardous waste in a small volume for disposal. Solid material such as soil so treated can be returned to the excavation site without further processing.

Abstract: A method of decontaminating soil consisting of removing organic hazardous waste from contaminated soil with an aqueous ammonia solution. The resulting aqueous ammonia solution containing organic hazardous waste is further processed to isolate the organic hazardous waste in a small volume for disposal. Soil so treated can be returned to excavation site without further processing.