Abstract: A coupler having fewer individual parts improves manufacturability and scalability. The coupler includes a wavelength selective filter, a first port for propagating at least a first wavelength, a second port for propagating at least a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, and a third port for propagating at least the first wavelength and the second wavelength. The three ports are positioned relative to the wavelength selective filter. At least two individual optical elements are also included in the coupler. Each optical element is associated with one of the three ports, between an associated port and the wavelength selective filter. All optical elements needed for directing light between the ports and the wavelength selective filter are provided on at least one of a substrate and substrates bonded thereto.

Abstract: A power monitor for a light emitter uses an absorptive material placed in the path of the application beam. The absorptive has a measurable characteristics thereof altered by an intensity of the light beam, the absorptive material being thin enough to allow a portion of the light beam sufficient for a desired application to be passed to the desired application. Preferably, an anti-reflective coating is placed between the absorptive material and the light emitting device. The absorptive material may be formed directly on the light emitting device or may be formed on or integrated with a spacer.

Abstract: A power monitor for a light emitter uses an absorptive material placed in the path of the application beam. The absorptive has a measurable characteristics thereof altered by an intensity of the light beam, the absorptive material being thin enough to allow a portion of the light beam sufficient for a desired application to be passed to the desired application. Preferably, an anti-reflective coating is placed between the absorptive material and the light emitting device. The absorptive material may be formed directly on the light emitting device or may be formed on or integrated with a spacer.

Abstract: A broadband diffractive diffuser contains at least three levels, with approximately a phase shift of .pi. between at least two of the at least three levels. Such a diffuser provides light with more than two phasor vectors at the zero order. The presence of the more than two phasor vectors reduces the zero order diffraction efficiency at non-design wavelength, increasing the usefulness of the diffuser at wavelengths other than the design wavelength. Preferably, the diffractive diffuser includes a plurality of regions, approximately 50% of an area of the plurality of regions presenting a phase shift of .pi. at a design wavelength, approximately 25% of the area of the plurality of regions presenting a phase shift of 2.pi. at the design wavelength, and approximately 25% of the area of the plurality of regions presenting a phase shift of 0 at the design wavelength.