Abstract: An integrated telescopic rail and modular post assembly includes a first elongate post comprising an assembly of a first and second component that together define a square in cross section, with not less than seven (7) bends along the length of the elongate post, a handrail having a first end affixed to the first elongate post, the handrail including an elongate, inner handrail member of not less than five (5) bends along its length, received within an elongate, outer handrail member of not less than six (6) bends along its length, and a mechanical bracket mimicking and enveloping the surface profiles of the elongate posts and handrails comprised of apertures which envelope about the profiles of the elongate rail and post members, the integration of which resists outward or inward applied longitudinal or lateral forces.

Abstract: A flexible lighting element is provided, comprising: a first substrate; first and second conductive elements over the first substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts that are both on a first surface of the light-emitting element, the first and second contacts being electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, and the light-emitting element emitting light from a second surface opposite the first surface; a transparent layer located adjacent to the second surface; and a transparent affixing layer located between the first substrate and the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer and the transparent affixing layer are both sufficiently transparent to visible light that they will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive layers are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: A flexible lighting element is provided, comprising: a first substrate; first and second conductive elements over the first substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts that are both on a first surface of the light-emitting element, the first and second contacts being electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, and the light-emitting element emitting light from a second surface opposite the first surface; a transparent layer located adjacent to the second surface; and a transparent affixing layer located between the first substrate and the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer and the transparent affixing layer are both sufficiently transparent to visible light that they will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive layers are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: A flexible lighting element is provided, comprising: a first substrate; first and second conductive elements over the first substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts that are both on a first surface of the light-emitting element, the first and second contacts being electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, and the light-emitting element emitting light from a second surface opposite the first surface; a transparent layer located adjacent to the second surface; and a transparent affixing layer located between the first substrate and the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer and the transparent affixing layer are both sufficiently transparent to visible light that they will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive layers are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: A flexible lighting element is provided, comprising: a first substrate; first and second conductive elements over the first substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts that are both on a first surface of the light-emitting element, the first and second contacts being electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, and the light-emitting element emitting light from a second surface opposite the first surface; a transparent layer located adjacent to the second surface; and a transparent affixing layer located between the first substrate and the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer and the transparent affixing layer are both sufficiently transparent to visible light that they will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive layers are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: A lighting device is described that includes a voltage source, a substrate, a wiring, a first light emitting diode (LED) and a second LED, a first electrical conductive element (ECE) and a second ECE, and a transparent, conductive sheet material. The wiring is formed on the substrate, and is connected to the voltage source. The first LED and the second LED are formed on the wiring. The first ECE and the second ECE are formed on the wiring. The sheet material is laminated onto the first and second LEDs and the first and second ECEs. The first and second LEDs are electrically connected in parallel and have opposite polarities. A sheet resistance exists between the first ECE and the first LED and between the second ECE and the second LED.

Abstract: A flexible lighting element is provided, comprising: a first substrate; first and second conductive elements over the first substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts that are both on a first surface of the light-emitting element, the first and second contacts being electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, and the light-emitting element emitting light from a second surface opposite the first surface; a transparent layer located adjacent to the second surface; and a transparent affixing layer located between the first substrate and the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer and the transparent affixing layer are both sufficiently transparent to visible light that they will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive layers are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: A flexible lighting element is provided, comprising: a first substrate; first and second conductive elements over the first substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts that are both on a first surface of the light-emitting element, the first and second contacts being electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, and the light-emitting element emitting light from a second surface opposite the first surface; a transparent layer located adjacent to the second surface; and a transparent affixing layer located between the first substrate and the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer and the transparent affixing layer are both sufficiently transparent to visible light that they will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive layers are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: A flexible lighting element is provided, comprising: a first substrate; first and second conductive elements over the first substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts that are both on a first surface of the light-emitting element, the first and second contacts being electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, and the light-emitting element emitting light from a second surface opposite the first surface; a transparent layer located adjacent to the second surface; and a transparent affixing layer located between the first substrate and the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer and the transparent affixing layer are both sufficiently transparent to visible light that they will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive layers are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: A lighting element is provided, comprising: a substrate; a first conductive element on the substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts on top and bottom surfaces, respectively; a transparent layer adjacent to the top surface; an affixing layer between the substrate and the transparent layer, affixing the transparent layer to the substrate; and a second conductive element beneath the transparent layer and proximate to the top surface, wherein the first and second contacts are electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, the light-emitting element emits light in a range of wavelengths between 10 nm and 100,000 nm, the transparent and affixing layer's will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive elements are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: A light-emitting structure, comprising: a ground path; a first current path receiving a control current; a first light-emitting element receiving the control current from the first current path and generating light within a first wavelength range based on the control current; a first conductive substrate portion formed over the first light-emitting element, and receiving the control current from the first light-emitting element; a first connection element receiving the first control current from the first conductive substrate; a second current path receiving the control current from the first connection element; a second light-emitting element receiving the first control current from the second current path, and generating light within the first wavelength range based on the control current; a second conductive substrate portion receiving the first control current; and a grounding element receiving the control current from the second substrate portion, and passing the control current to the ground path.

Abstract: A light-emitting structure, comprising: a ground path; a first current path receiving a control current; a first light-emitting element receiving the control current from the first current path and generating light within a first wavelength range based on the control current; a first conductive substrate portion formed over the first light-emitting element, and receiving the control current from the first light-emitting element; a first connection element receiving the first control current from the first conductive substrate; a second current path receiving the control current from the first connection element; a second light-emitting element receiving the first control current from the second current path, and generating light within the first wavelength range based on the control current; a second conductive substrate portion receiving the first control current; and a grounding element receiving the control current from the second substrate portion, and passing the control current to the ground path.

Abstract: A dual lighting apparatus includes a principal substrate, a first lighting device and a second lighting device. The first lighting device is integrated into a first plane of the principal substrate, the first lighting device having one or more first light emitting diode (LED) chips embedded therein. The second lighting device is integrated into a second plane of the principal substrate, the second lighting device having one or more second light emitting diode (LED) chips embedded therein. The first LED chip(s) emit light photons having a different wavelength than light photons emitted from the second LED chip(s).

Abstract: A flexible lighting element is provided, comprising: a first flexible substrate; first and second conductive elements located on the first flexible substrate; a light-emitting element having a positive contact and a negative contact, the positive and negative contacts both being on a first side of the light-emitting element, the light-emitting element being configured to emit light having a selected narrow range of wavelengths; a first conductive connector electrically connecting the first conductive element to the positive contact; a second conductive connector electrically connecting the second conductive element to the negative contact; a second flexible substrate located adjacent to a second surface of the light-emitting element; and an affixing layer located between the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate.

Abstract: A lighting device is described that includes a voltage source, a substrate, a wiring, a first light emitting diode (LED) and a second LED, a first electrical conductive element (ECE) and a second ECE, and a transparent, conductive sheet material. The wiring is formed on the substrate, and is connected to the voltage source. The first LED and the second LED are formed on the wiring. The first ECE and the second ECE are formed on the wiring. The sheet material is laminated onto the first and second LEDs and the first and second ECEs. The first and second LEDs are electrically connected in parallel and have opposite polarities. A sheet resistance exists between the first ECE and the first LED and between the second ECE and the second LED.

Abstract: A dual lighting apparatus includes a principal substrate, a first lighting device and a second lighting device. The first lighting device is integrated into a first plane of the principal substrate, the first lighting device having one or more first light emitting diode (LED) chips embedded therein. The second lighting device is integrated into a second plane of the principal substrate, the second lighting device having one or more second light emitting diode (LED) chips embedded therein. The first LED chip(s) emit light photons having a different wavelength than light photons emitted from the second LED chip(s).

Abstract: A lighting element, comprising: a first substrate; a first and second conductive elements located on the first substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts that are both on a first surface of the light-emitting element, the first contact being electrically connected to the first conductive element, the second contact being electrically connected to the second conductive element, and the light-emitting element emitting light from a second surface opposite the first surface; a top layer adjacent to the second surface; and an affixing layer located between the first substrate and the top layer, the affixing layer affixing the top layer to the first substrate; and a heat spreading layer having a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, the heat spreading layer being affixed beneath the first flexible substrate at the third surface, wherein the flexible top layer is substantially transparent to light.

Abstract: A flexible lighting element is provided, comprising: a first substrate; first and second conductive elements over the first substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts that are both on a first surface of the light-emitting element, the first and second contacts being electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, and the light-emitting element emitting light from a second surface opposite the first surface; a transparent layer located adjacent to the second surface; and a transparent affixing layer located between the first substrate and the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer and the transparent affixing layer are both sufficiently transparent to visible light that they will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive layers are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: A lighting element is provided, comprising: a substrate; a first conductive element on the substrate; a light-emitting element having first and second contacts on top and bottom surfaces, respectively; a transparent layer adjacent to the top surface; an affixing layer between the substrate and the transparent layer, affixing the transparent layer to the substrate; and a second conductive element beneath the transparent layer and proximate to the top surface, wherein the first and second contacts are electrically connected to the first and second conductive elements, respectively, the light-emitting element emits light in a range of wavelengths between 10 nm and 100,000 nm, the transparent and affixing layer's will not decrease light transmittance below 70%, and the first and second conductive elements are at least partially transparent to visible light, or are 300 ?m or smaller in width, or are concealed by a design feature from a viewing direction.

Abstract: An edge lighting device, and a method of providing edge lighting, including providing a lighting device with at least one light emitting diode (LED) chip embedded therein, wherein the LED chip(s) generates light photons. A path of the light photons within the lighting device that are emitted by the LED chip(s) from a top surface of the LED chip(s), are redirected from a first edge of the lighting device back through the lighting device to a second edge of the lighting device opposite to the first edge. The first edge and the second edge of the lighting device are perpendicular to the top surface of the LED chip(s). The photons which were redirected from the first edge of the lighting device then follow a path through the second edge of the device and are then output from the edge lighting device at the second edge of the device.