Abstract: This disclosure describes a method for providing ultra-long local anesthetic effects. The method comprises administering an N,N,N-triethyl-N-alkyl ammonium salt wherein the alkyl group contains from 8 to 16 carbon atoms. The local anesthetic effect producing quaternary ammonium salts and pharmaceutical preparations containing such quaternary salts are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas flow monitor for an anesthetic machine which will alert the operator in the event of either a fall in oxygen pressure or any other event leading to an inadequate oxygen flow while other gases are being supplied. The monitor comprises a fluidic OR/NOR logic gate which receives a gaseous anesthetic under pressure as its power stream input. A respiratory gas such as oxygen, is fed to one control stream of the gate and, when an adequate flow thereof exists, a mixture of oxygen and gaseous anesthetic flows through the OR outlet port and is supplied to the breathing circuit. If an insufficient diverting flow of oxygen is present in the control stream, the gaseous anesthetic will be switched by the fluidic gate to flow through the NOR outlet which is connected to activate a pressure electric switch to sound an alarm.