Abstract: The present invention relates to stable therapeutic compositions of pharmaceutical grade acids and pH buffering agents. The present invention also is directed to methods of treatment for mitochondrial disorders, metabolic conditions, diabetic conditions, and cardiovascular conditions, by administration of compositions of the present disclosure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stable therapeutic compositions of pharmaceutical grade acids and pH buffering agents. The present invention also is directed to methods of treatment for mitochondrial disorders, metabolic conditions, diabetic conditions, and cardiovascular conditions, by administration of compositions of the present disclosure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stable therapeutic compositions of pharmaceutical grade acids and pH buffering agents. The present invention also is directed to methods of treatment for mitochondrial disorders, metabolic conditions, diabetic conditions, and cardiovascular conditions, by administration of compositions of the present disclosure.

Abstract: This disclosure provides compositions and methods for improving outcomes in cancer patients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stable therapeutic compositions of pharmaceutical grade acids and pH buffering agents. The present invention also is directed to methods of treatment for mitochondrial disorders, metabolic conditions, diabetic conditions, and cardiovascular conditions, by administration of compositions of the present disclosure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stable therapeutic compositions of pharmaceutical grade acids and pH buffering agents. The present invention also is directed to methods of treatment for mitochondrial disorders, metabolic conditions, diabetic conditions, and cardiovascular conditions, by administration of compositions of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine including at least a cylinder and a valve controlled by an electric valve actuator is disclosed. In one example, a valve holding current is determined during movement of the valve. The method may be useful for determining individual holding currents for specific valve actuators.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine having at least one cylinder, said cylinder including at least one electric valve actuator, said actuator including at least a coil and an armature moveable thereto, the method comprising during a non-firing state of the cylinder: holding the armature of the actuator at a first position away from an equilibrium position by supplying a first amount of current to a first coil of the actuator; and reducing current supplied to the first coil from said first amount to a lower second amount to cause the armature to begin moving toward the equilibrium position; and during a subsequent firing state of the cylinder, varying an amount of holding current supplied to the first coil for holding the armature away from the equilibrium position based on at least said second amount of current.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine including at least a cylinder and a valve controlled by an electric valve actuator, said actuator including at least a coil and an armature moveable thereto, said armature coupled to said valve, the method comprising of moving the armature toward the coil by varying an amount of current supplied to the coil in response to a location of the armature relative to the coil; identifying a first level of current supplied to the coil at a first position of the armature during said moving the armature toward the coil; and holding the armature at a second position relative to the coil by supplying a holding current to the coil, wherein said holding current is adjusted to be less than said first level of current.

Abstract: A method of operating an engine having at least one cylinder, said cylinder including at least one electric valve actuator, said actuator including at least a coil and an armature moveable thereto, the method comprising during a non-firing state of the cylinder: holding the armature of the actuator at a first position away from an equilibrium position by supplying a first amount of current to a first coil of the actuator; and reducing current supplied to the first coil from said first amount to a lower second amount to cause the armature to begin moving toward the equilibrium position; and during a subsequent firing state of the cylinder, varying an amount of holding current supplied to the first coil for holding the armature away from the equilibrium position based on at least said second amount of current.

Abstract: An electronically controlled valve actuator having a hydraulic lever in the form of a fluid filled chamber, is used to amplify the motion of a magnetic armature and thereby achieve a desired valve displacement with reduced effective travel of the armature, reduced transition time and power consumption while incorporating passive hydraulic lash adjustment in the hydraulic lever mechanism.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling electromechanical valves operating in an engine is presented. According to the method, valve operation can be adjusted in a number of ways.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling electromechanical valves operating in an engine is presented. According to the method, armature levitation is strategically used during a cycle of a cylinder. The method can reduce fuel consumption and power supply requirements, at least under some conditions.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling electromechanical valves operating in an engine is presented. According to the method, armature levitation position may be changed to accommodate varying rates of valve stem growth. The method may reduce valve noise during a wide range of engine operating conditions.

Abstract: An electronically controlled valve actuator having an armature, a valve, and a coupler for coupling the actuator to the valve with motion of the armature in a first direction moving the second piston in a second direction. The actuator includes an electromagnet, an armature disposed adjacent to the electromagnetic, and a fluid-containing chamber. The fluid-containing chamber includes a first piston providing a first wall portion of the chamber and a second piston providing a second wall portion of the chamber. The first piston is coupled to the armature and the second piston is coupled to a valve. Activation of the electromagnet moves the first piston in a first direction, such motion of the first piston in the first direction driving fluid in the chamber to move the second piston in an opposite direction.

Abstract: An electronically controlled valve actuator having an armature, a valve, and a coupler for coupling the actuator to the valve with motion of the armature in a first direction moving the second piston in a second direction. The actuator includes an electromagnet, an armature disposed adjacent to the electromagnetic, and a fluid-containing chamber. The fluid-containing chamber includes a first piston providing a first wall portion of the chamber and a second piston providing a second wall portion of the chamber. The first piston is coupled to the armature and the second piston is coupled to a valve. Activation of the electromagnet moves the first piston in a first direction, such motion of the first piston in the first direction driving fluid in the chamber to move the second piston in an opposite direction.

Abstract: An electronically controlled valve actuator having a hydraulic lever in the form of a fluid filled chamber, is used to amplify the motion of a magnetic armature and thereby achieve a desired valve displacement with reduced effective travel of the armature, reduced transition time and power consumption while incorporating passive hydraulic lash adjustment in the hydraulic lever mechanism.